Posts Tagged ‘Enterprise Linux’

Adding proxy to yum repository on Redhat / Fedora / CentOS and other RPM based Linux distributions, Listing and enabling new RPM repositories

Tuesday, September 7th, 2021

yum-add-proxy-host-for-redhat-linux-centos-list-rpm-repositories-enable-disable-repositories

Sometimes if you work in a company that is following PCI standards with very tight security you might need to use a custom company prepared RPM repositories that are accessible only via a specific custom maintained repositories or alternatively you might need the proxy node  to access an external internet repository from the DMZ-ed firewalled zone where the servers lays .
Hence to still be able to maintain the RPM based servers up2date to the latest security patches and install software with yumone very useful feature of yum package manager is to use a proxy host through which you will reach your Redhat Package Manager files  files.

1. The http_proxy and https_proxy shell variables 

To set  a proxy host you need to define there the IP / Hostname or the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

By default "http_proxy and https_proxy are empty. As you can guess https_proxy is used if you have a Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificate for encrypting the communication channel (e.g. you have https:// URL).

[root@rhel: ~]# echo $http_proxy
[root@rhel: ~]#

2. Setting passwordless or password protected proxy host via http_proxy, https_proxy variables

There is a one time very straight forward to configure proxying of traffic via a specific remote configured server with server bourne again  shell (BASH)'s understood variables:
 

a.) Set password free open proxy to shell environment.

[root@centos: ~]# export https_proxy="https://remote-proxy-server:8080"


Now use yum as usual to update the available installabe package list or simply upgrade to the latest packages with lets say:

[root@rhel: ~]# yum check-update && yum update

b.) Configuring password protected proxy for yum

If your proxy is password protected for even tigher security you can provide the password on the command line as well.

[root@centos: ~]# export http_proxy="http://username:pAssW0rd@server:port/"

Note that if you have some special characters you will have to pass the string inside single quotes or escape them to make sure the password will properly handled to server, before trying out the proxy with yum, echo the variable.

[root@centos: ~]# export http_proxy='http://username:p@s#w:E@192.168.0.1:3128/'
  [root@centos: ~]# echo $http_proxy
http://username:p@s#w:E@server:port/

Then do whatever with yum:

[root@centos: ~]# yum check-update && yum search sharutils


If something is wrong and proxy is not properly connected try to reach for the repository manually with curl or wget

[root@centos: ~]# curl -ilk http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/SRPMS/ /epel/7/SRPMS/
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Date: Tue, 07 Sep 2021 16:49:59 GMT
Server: Apache
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Referrer-Policy: same-origin
Location: http://mirror.telepoint.bg/epel/7/SRPMS/
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 0
AppTime: D=2264
X-Fedora-ProxyServer: proxy01.iad2.fedoraproject.org
X-Fedora-RequestID: YTeYOE3mQPHH_rxD0sdlGAAAA80
X-Cache: MISS from pcfreak
X-Cache-Lookup: MISS from pcfreak:3128
Via: 1.1 pcfreak (squid/4.6)
Connection: keep-alive


Or if you need, you can test the user, password protected proxy with wget as so:

[root@centos: ~]# wget –proxy-user=USERNAME –proxy-password=PASSWORD http://your-proxy-domain.com/optional-rpms/


If you have lynx installed on the machine you can do the remote proxy successful authentication check with it with less typing:

[root@centos: ~]# lynx -pauth=USER:PASSWORD http://proxy-domain.com/optional-rpm/

 

3. Making yum proxy connection permanent via /etc/yum.conf

 

Perhaps the easiest and quickest way to add the http_proxy / https_proxy configured is to store it to automatically load on each server ssh login in your admin user (root) in /root/.bashrc or /root/.bash_profile or in the global /etc/profile or /etc/profile.d/custom.sh etc.

However if you don't want to have hacks and have more cleanness on the systems, the recommended "Redhat way" so to say is to store the configuration inside /etc/yum.conf

To do it via /etc/yum.conf you have to have some records there like:

# The proxy server – proxy server:port number 
proxy=http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128 
# The account details for yum connections 
proxy_username=yum-user 
proxy_password=qwerty-secret-pass

4. Listing RPM repositories and their state

As I had to install sharutils RPM package to the server which contains the file /bin/uuencode (that is provided on CentOS 7.9 Linux from Repo: base/7/x86_64 I had to check whether the repository was installed on the server.

To get a list of all yum repositories avaiable 

[root@centos:/etc/yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: centos.telecoms.bg
 * epel: mirrors.netix.net
 * extras: centos.telecoms.bg
 * remi: mirrors.netix.net
 * remi-php74: mirrors.netix.net
 * remi-safe: mirrors.netix.net
 * updates: centos.telecoms.bg
repo id                                repo name                                                                         status
base/7/x86_64                          CentOS-7 – Base                                                                   enabled: 10,072
base-debuginfo/x86_64                  CentOS-7 – Debuginfo                                                              disabled
base-source/7                          CentOS-7 – Base Sources                                                           disabled
c7-media                               CentOS-7 – Media                                                                  disabled
centos-kernel/7/x86_64                 CentOS LTS Kernels for x86_64                                                     disabled
centos-kernel-experimental/7/x86_64    CentOS Experimental Kernels for x86_64                                            disabled
centosplus/7/x86_64                    CentOS-7 – Plus                                                                   disabled
centosplus-source/7                    CentOS-7 – Plus Sources                                                           disabled
cr/7/x86_64                            CentOS-7 – cr                                                                     disabled
epel/x86_64                            Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                                    enabled: 13,667
epel-debuginfo/x86_64                  Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – Debug                            disabled
epel-source/x86_64                     Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – Source                           disabled
epel-testing/x86_64                    Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 – Testing – x86_64                          disabled
epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64          Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 – Testing – x86_64 – Debug                  disabled
epel-testing-source/x86_64             Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 – Testing – x86_64 – Source                 disabled
extras/7/x86_64                        CentOS-7 – Extras                                                                 enabled:    500
extras-source/7                        CentOS-7 – Extras Sources                                                         disabled
fasttrack/7/x86_64                     CentOS-7 – fasttrack                                                              disabled
remi                                   Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                             enabled:  7,229
remi-debuginfo/x86_64                  Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo                 disabled
remi-glpi91                            Remi's GLPI 9.1 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                    disabled
remi-glpi92                            Remi's GLPI 9.2 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                    disabled
remi-glpi93                            Remi's GLPI 9.3 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                    disabled
remi-glpi94                            Remi's GLPI 9.4 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                    disabled
remi-modular                           Remi's Modular repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                         disabled
remi-modular-test                      Remi's Modular testing repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                 disabled
remi-php54                             Remi's PHP 5.4 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php55                             Remi's PHP 5.5 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php55-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 5.5 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
!remi-php56                            Remi's PHP 5.6 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php56-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 5.6 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
remi-php70                             Remi's PHP 7.0 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php70-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 7.0 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
remi-php70-test                        Remi's PHP 7.0 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                disabled
remi-php70-test-debuginfo/x86_64       Remi's PHP 7.0 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo    disabled
remi-php71                             Remi's PHP 7.1 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php71-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 7.1 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
remi-php71-test                        Remi's PHP 7.1 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                disabled
remi-php71-test-debuginfo/x86_64       Remi's PHP 7.1 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo    disabled
!remi-php72                            Remi's PHP 7.2 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php72-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 7.2 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
remi-php72-test                        Remi's PHP 7.2 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                disabled
remi-php72-test-debuginfo/x86_64       Remi's PHP 7.2 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo    disabled
remi-php73                             Remi's PHP 7.3 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php73-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 7.3 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
remi-php73-test                        Remi's PHP 7.3 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                disabled
remi-php73-test-debuginfo/x86_64       Remi's PHP 7.3 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo    disabled
remi-php74                             Remi's PHP 7.4 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     enabled:    423
remi-php74-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 7.4 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
remi-php74-test                        Remi's PHP 7.4 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                disabled
remi-php74-test-debuginfo/x86_64       Remi's PHP 7.4 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo    disabled
remi-php80                             Remi's PHP 8.0 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                     disabled
remi-php80-debuginfo/x86_64            Remi's PHP 8.0 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo         disabled
remi-php80-test                        Remi's PHP 8.0 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                disabled
remi-php80-test-debuginfo/x86_64       Remi's PHP 8.0 test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo    disabled
remi-safe                              Safe Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                        enabled:  4,549
remi-safe-debuginfo/x86_64             Remi's RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo                 disabled
remi-test                              Remi's test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64                        disabled
remi-test-debuginfo/x86_64             Remi's test RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 7 – x86_64 – debuginfo            disabled
updates/7/x86_64                       CentOS-7 – Updates                                                                enabled:  2,741
updates-source/7                       CentOS-7 – Updates Sources                                                        disabled
zabbix/x86_64                          Zabbix Official Repository – x86_64                                               enabled:    178
zabbix-debuginfo/x86_64                Zabbix Official Repository debuginfo – x86_64                                     disabled
zabbix-frontend/x86_64                 Zabbix Official Repository frontend – x86_64                                      disabled
zabbix-non-supported/x86_64            Zabbix Official Repository non-supported – x86_64                                 enabled:      5
repolist: 39,364

[root@centos:/etc/yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all|grep -i 'base/7/x86_64'
base/7/x86_64                       CentOS-7 – Base              enabled: 10,072

 

As you can see in CentOS 7 sharutils is enabled from default repositories, however this is not the case on Redhat 7.9, hence to install sharutils there you can one time enable RPM repository to install sharutils 

[root@centos:/etc/yum.repos.d]# yum –enablerepo=rhel-7-server-optional-rpms install sharutils

To install zabbix-agent on the same Redhat server, without caring that I need precisely  know the RPM repository that is providing zabbix agent that in that was (Repo: 3party/7Server/x86_64)  I had to:

[root@centos:/etc/yum.repos.d]# yum –enablerepo \* install zabbix-agent zabbix-sender


Permanently enabling repositories of course is possible via editting or creating fresh new file configuration manually on CentOS / Fedora under directory /etc/yum.repos.d/
On Redhat Enterprise Linux  servers it is easier to use the subscription-manager command instead, like this:
 

[root@rhel:/root]# subscription-manager repos –disable=epel/7Server/x86_64

[root@rhel:/root]# subscription-manager repos –enable=rhel-6-server-optional-rpms