Posts Tagged ‘unknown’

How to check if network ethernet cards are active on Linux server / detect the physical connected state of a network cable / connector?

Tuesday, November 1st, 2022

linux-check-connectivity-interface-software-implementation-of-multi-queue-support-in-Linux-using-commodity-Ethernet-NICs

Lets say you are administrating some Linux server and need to upgrade a switch and temporary move out traffic for ethernet interfaces connected via a Gigabit network to a Gigabit Cisco / Junper EX Series / HPE Aruba or Arista Platform network switch to a newer version of a switch or software.

Usually if you don't have control over the Network switch (if you're employeed in a large corporation), that migration will be handled by a colleague from the Network team in a prescheduled time slot and usually in a coordinated meeting, once the cabling is being physically moved by someone a person in the Computer Room (in DC) in the respective data center.

Then once the correct commands are executed on the network switch to remap the new cable to point to the right location on the Linux server, where the old switch was and the setup has to be double verified by the network team mate.

Once this is done either by a colleague or if you're in a smaller company and you work as one man army sysadmin and you have done it yourself.
Next step is to verify that the Ethernet LAN cards on the Linux server lets say 6 or 8 LAN cards are still connected and active to the preset Active LAN / VLANs.

On Linux this is pretty simple and there is many ways to do it with external tools like ethtool, if you're lucky and your server doesn't have to have a paranoid security rules to follow or have to be a minimilastic machine with a 100% PCI High security standards compliancy.

To check connectivity for all your ethernet interfaces you can simply run a one liner shell script like so:

[root@linux-server ~]# for i in $(ip a s|grep -i :|grep -v link|awk '{ print $2 }'|sed -e 's#:##g'|grep -v lo); do ethtool $i; done
Settings for eth0:
        Link detected: yes
Settings for eth1:
        Link detected: yes
Settings for eth2:
        Link detected: yes

So far so good but what if your RHEL / CentOS / Debian server doesn't have ethtool installed and you're not allowed to install it then how can you check whether network cable connector is indicating a network activity to the connected Ethernet LAN cards?

[root@linux-server ~]# for f in $(ls -1 /sys/class/net/); do echo "Eth inface: $f"; cat /sys/class/net/$f/operstate; done
Eth inface: eth0
up
Eth inface: eth1
up
Eth inface: eth2
up
Eth inface: lo
unknown

If your operstate returns something different like state unknown, e.g.:

root@linux-server ~]# cd /sys/class/net/
[root@linux-server net]# grep "" eth2/operstate
unknown
[root@linux-server net]#

[root@linux-server net]# grep "" eth{0,1,2,3}/operstate  
eth0/operstate:unknown
eth1/operstate:unknown
eth2/operstate:unknown
eth3/operstate:unknown

Then you need to check the carrier file

[root@linux-server net]# grep "" eth{0,1,2,3}/carrier
eth0/carrier:1
eth1/carrier:1
eth2/carrier:1
eth3/carrier:1

It could return either 0 or 1

The number 1 in the above output means that the network cable is physically connected to your network card’s slot meaning your network switch migration is success.

Method 2: Next, we will test a second network interface eth1:

[root@linux-server net]# cat /sys/class/net/eth1/carrier
[root@linux-server net]# cat: /sys/class/net/eth1/carrier: Invalid argument

This command’s output most likely means the the eth1 network interface is in powered down state.

So what have learned?

We have learned how to monitor the state of the network cable connected to a Linux ethernet device via external switch that is migrated without the use of any external tools like ethtool.

Living of unknown saint Saint Sophronius of Sofia, known also as Saint Soprhonius of the Bulgaria / Sofronij of the Balkans

Saturday, May 28th, 2022

Sveti-Sofronij-Bylgarski-SofijskiSaint-Sophronius-of-Sofia-Bulgaria-of-the-Balkans
 

Biography of Staint Sofronij / Sophronius of Bulgaria Sofia, Known also as Saint Soprhonius of the Balkans

The parish priest of the village of Penkyovtsi (Sofia, Bulgaria region) Stefan (Te fled to Sofia with his wife due to Turkish violence, from hence he later fled to Wallachia region to the great Wallachian voivode (Duke) Radul. His wife died there and he became a monk named Sophronius (not to be mistaken with the very famous Bulgarian saint Saint Sofronius of Vratza / Sofronij Vrachanski).

After the death of Duke Radul, he returned from the Danube river to his homeland and settled in a monastery near city of Ruse (probably he lived in the cave monastery of Saint Joachim I Patriarch of Tarnovo and the Venerable Demetrius Besarabovsky, that even today is the biggest monastery nearby the city of Ruse).

There he struggled with common sanctification practices as fasting, prayer, work and alms for the poor. The devil did not tolerate his monastic great achievements and set a monastic servant against him, who struck him on the head with an ax and killed him.

Three years later, Sophronius appeared to the people living in the monastery, who obeyed his suggestion (obviously they got inspired to  dug up his grave which is a common ancient Christian practice for notable christians who might have been saints) and look up if his relics are incorruptable and found his relics incorruptible and fragrant (emitting a heavenly odor), as they have been inspired by God's Spirit to do.
People with great joy placed the holy relics in a coffin for common (universal) worship of all the Christians.

We do not know the exact dates he was  born or has been killed, because of the devilish envy, as at that time Bulgaria has been under the Ottoman turks and the founding of his holy relics has happened years after his martyrdom. But most probably the Venerable Sofronij  lived in the second half of the fifteenth century and the beginning of the sixteenth century, by the second decade of which he must have suffered. This information about him is told to us by the Bulgarian writer and priest Father (the bulgarian word for which is Pop – stems from the greek word Papas (Father) Peyu. The same Pop Peyu has been also the author of the life of Saint George of Sofia the New not to be mistaken with Saint George the Newest from Sofia  who maryrdom suffered in year 1515 because of his unwillingless to accept the false Islamic faith.

© Lives of the Saints. Synodal Publishing House, Sofia, 1991, edited by Parthenius, Bishop of Lefkada and Archimandrite Dr. Athanasius (Bonchev) with minor inclusions of the article author Georgi Georgiev

Let by his holy prayers the Bulgarian homeland and especially the suffering in Ukraine and all people everywhere, finds more Peace, Love, Hope, Faith and Goodness 

Disable NetworkManager automatic Ethernet Interface Management on Redhat Linux , CentOS 6 / 7 / 8

Friday, February 5th, 2021

rhel-centos-fedora-network-manager-disable-automatic-lan-interface-management

Most of Linux distributions had introduced the NetworkManager service and are slowly trying to push out the old ways and use entirely it to manage network configs. Though at times this is very helpful stuff especially if you have Linux running on Laptop on servers is a guarantee for troubles.

If you are a system administrator like me and you need that needs to configure a New server with lets say 8 (Ethernet interface) LAN cards each to be configured with different IPs and you have a mixture of configuration where some eth1,eth2 etc. (4 of the interface IPs has to be static IPs and others has to be taken from a DHCP lease. NetworkManager is not something that you will want as usually you don't expect soon a network IP topology change. Below is example from a Living Hypervisor server machine that has 8 Network Interfaces configured together with few Virtual Interfaces used by the running KVM Virtual Machines.
 

[root@redhat :~ ]# ip address show |grep ": <"
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
2: ens1f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master team0 state UP group default qlen 1000
3: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master team0 state UP group default qlen 1000
4: ens1f1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br2 state UP group default qlen 1000
5: ens1f2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
6: eno2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br1 state UP group default qlen 1000
7: ens1f3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
8: eno3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
9: eno4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
10: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
11: br1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
12: br2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
13: team0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
14: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
15: host-routed: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
16: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
17: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
18: virbr1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
19: virbr1-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr1 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
26: vme52540019e701: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
27: vme52540081868b: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br1 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
28: vme525400a13f03: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br2 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000


Having a NM managing so many LAN connected Ethernets can create you A LOT of surprises even if your servers are in a Highly Secured data center where chance of sudden IP change or network misbehaves are minimal. Even minimal some in Housing might do something wrong on the Rack mixing up with another server or switch andyour server might end up easily with unexplainable Network problems because of this NM service which is trying 'to balance' any network issues according to some algorithms …

Thus to save yourlself the troubles and completely disable NetworkManager (NM) Ethernets handling.

As a hint some of the troubles you might get especially if the System Hardware has issues with the Integrated Motherboard LAN Controllers such as of Dell PowerEdge R640 Rack Server.
I've recently observed one such Dell Rack mounted machine I had to configure from scratch which has out of the box 
NM preinstalled by a colleague and was doing strange stuff with the routings causing it to become remotely inacessible after reboot.
Even though I have started configuring the IPs and have double and triple check the configuration and machine had proper set of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* configuration it still failed to boot with a network properly brought up and become unreachable via remote SSH connection immediately after sending machine to init 6 with /usr/sbin/init 6 (alias for shutdown -r now or reboot -f now :)

On Redhat 8 / CentOS 8 to Disabling permanently NM you have to disable NM systemd services permanently and add NM_CONTROLLED=no to each of the Ethernet configurations listed in network-scripts/ifcfg-eno3 eno4 eno1np0 etc. ifaces.

1. Disable completely Network Manager service and mask it

[root@redhat :~ ]# systemctl mask NetworkManager.service
[root@redhat :~ ]# systemctl stop NetworkManager.service
[root@redhat :~ ]# systemctl disable NetworkManager.service

2. Check if all systemd networkmanager components scripts are really disabled

# systemctl list-unit-files | grep NetworkManager

NetworkManager-dispatcher.service disabled
NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled
NetworkManager.service disabled


NetworkManager-wait-online.service seems to be also enabled so we have to disable it.

[root@redhat :~ ]#  systemctl mask NetworkManager-wait-online.service
[root@redhat :~ ]#  systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service

Double check NM services

[root@redhat :~ ]#  systemctl list-unit-files | grep NetworkManager
  …

3. Install / Enable old (legacy) network-scripts 


network-scripts is disabled by default due to it doesn't play well with NM.
Install the rpm package to enable it back
 

[root@redhat :~ ]#  yum install -y network-scripts 

4. Test if network-scripts is really enabled


Use Redhat's nmcli command for controlling network manager if it reports NM not running then you're fine

[root@redhat :~ ]#  nmcli device
Error: NetworkManager is not running.

5. Disable legacy use network-scripts print outs


Bring down some interface with ifdown Redhat script frontend to ifconfig and bring it up with ifup iface-name
 

# ifup eno4
WARN      : [ifup] You are using 'ifup' script provided by 'network-scripts', which are now deprecated.
WARN      : [ifup] 'network-scripts' will be removed in one of the next major releases of RHEL.
WARN      : [ifup] It is advised to switch to 'NetworkManager' instead – it provides 'ifup/ifdown' scripts as well.


Notice the warnings they're harmless and safe to ignore however it is pretty annoying to see them, to disable them:

[root@redhat :~ ]#  touch /etc/sysconfig/disable-deprecation-warnings

6. Use network.service old-fashioned systemd service


From now on you can start using the good old well known and properly working network.service

[root@redhat :~ ]#  systemctl status network


To enable the network service to start after boot:

[root@redhat :~ ]#  systemctl enable network

7. Disable NetworkManager use from Network configuration scripts ifcfg-* for all server available configured ethernet cards


Open with text editor every network script and append NM_CONTROLLED="no" to the end of the file.
 

[root@redhat :~ ]#  vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethernetX
NM_CONTROLLED="no"

To save yourself the time if you want to disable NetworkManager use for all /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* use a simple shell loop:
 

[root@redhat :~ ]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@redhat :/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts ]# for i in *ifcfg*; do echo NM_CONTROLLED="no" >> $i; done


To load the new network settings do another network reload / restart
 

[root@redhat :~ ]# systemctl restart network


To disable NetworkManager on older CentOS 6 / Redhat 6 / SuSE / Fedora Linux where the OS still not systemd enabled instead of using systemctl you can straight do it with old and well known chkconfig redhat script.
 

[root@centos6 :~ ]# service NetworkManager stop
[root@centos6 :~ ]# chkconfig NetworkManager off

Saint Petka Paraskeva of Bulgaria of Epivates Thracia (famous as St. Petka of Tarnovo) feast day 14 October

Friday, October 16th, 2020


Sveta-Petka-Paraskeva-Bylgarska-Balkanska-Epivatska

The inhabitants of Thracia are of a great and royal origin and due to recent historical studies, Thracians have been one of the most developed nations for its time they're developments and achievements especially in crafts such as vessel creation even up to day are perhaps the most unique.
It is still unknown of the exact technology used to create such a elegant and precise vessels. A little is known of the Thracians society as they have reached their bloom in a high speed and the place of the later Roman Empire province Thracia has been in a place where it was destroyed to the ground and robbed at multiple times eradicating unique piece of one of the best created ever forms of art.
Territories of Thrakia has been geographically today located in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea to the east.

Thrace_and_Thracians-present-day_state_borderlines-picture

Territy of Thracia shown on a contemporary European (Balkans Maps)

World-famous-Thracian-Treasury-picture-1

One of the most famous piece of such art is the World Famous Thracian's Treasuary.

World-famous-Thracian-Treasury-picture

The thrakians Empire and civillization has its bloom from 5th – 4th century before Christ era (B.C.). 
Saint Petka of Epivates region Thrakia was of a Bulgarian origin and lived much later in Xth – XI-th century A.D in Thracia. It is known she was of Bulgarian origin (her mother and father was of Bulgarian origin.) of the first generations who has received in 9-th century Baptism, in the times of the Baptism of Bulgaria conducted by the Apostle equal Saint King Boris I the Baptizer of Bulgaria in year 864 AD.  Thracians as an ancient and a blessed nation in craftship and arts was among the nations who received baptism on a good 'soil', as the seed of beauty and goodness has already been in their civillization.
 

The short Living of Saint Petka of Bulgaria (of Epivates)


Out of this Christian atmosphere has rised Saint Petka also known as (Parashkeva). Saint Petka name means literally translated Friday and due to being born in Thracia on today territory of Balkans she is been venerated highly not only in Bulgaria but across all Orthodox Christians nations on the Balkans – Bulgarians, Romanians, Serbs, Greeks, Macedonians. Due to that Saint Petka is also famous as "Saint Petka of The Bulkans".
Saint Petka could be therefore heard to be called often Petka of Serbs (of Belgrade), Saint Petka of Moldova (of Iași), Mother Paraskeva / ParashkevaParascheva the New, Parascheva the Young, Ancient Greek: Ὁσία Παρασκευὴ ἡ Ἐπιβατινή, Greek: Οσία Παρασκευή η Επιβατινή ή Νέα, Romanian: Cuvioasa Parascheva, Bulgarian / Serbian : Света Петка / Sveta Petka or Петка Параскева / Petka Paraskeva, Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, Parascheva of Tirnovo).

The first information about her living is found in a local educated person (writter) which as of the time were too little and writter  in Greek in short. It did not follow the Church cannons and due to that by an order of Patriarch of Constantinople Nikolas IV Musalon of Constantinople deacon Vaslik has described in a more well systemized way her living, the Greek original unfortunately is now lost. At the time of writting her biography, she has been mostly popular in the realms of Byzantine Empire Thracia.

Bulgarian-Empire-under-King-Ivan-Asen-II-map-1917

The Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Ivan Asen II. Atlas of Dimitar Rizov year 1917

Since the time of King Ivan Asen II a new biogprahy of saint has been written in Bulgarian which included narration of the transfer of her holy relics to Medieval Capital of Bulgaria Tarnovo. However peak and the key towards the immerse veneration to St. Petka that is evident to this very date has played the biography written by last Bulgarian Patriarch also a saint – st. Euthymius of Tarnovo. in year 1385 AD short before the fall under Turkish Slavery of Bulgaria in y. 1393.

Saint Patriarch Eutymious was the last person who in 1393 has actively parcipated in the protection of the fortified Tarnovo and see with his eyes the fall down of the city (by treachery).

When asked by the terrified people 'To whom do you leave us holy father, when the Turkish were taking him away?' He replied heart tearingly 'To the Holy Trinity The Father, The Son and The Holy Trinity our God I leave you and to the most Blessed Mother of God Theotokos now and For Eternity !!!'

Saint-Patriarch-Eutymious-the-last-Blessing-picture-sveti_Evtimij_seten_blagoslov

Saint Patriarch Eutymius (Evtimij) blessing the people in Medieval Bulgarian city Tarnovo for a last time before the Turkish took him away for imprisonment
Picture source Pravoslavieto.com

St Euthymius of Tarnovo work is one of the most unique bibliographies and a precious piece of medieval literature it is innovative for its time and spectacular, emotion rich creation, who become famous far before the borders of Bulgaria in the whole Slavonic world of that time, especially in todays territory of ex soviet countries Romania, Moldova, Ukraine and even far Russia.

Saint_Patriarch-Eutymius-last-bulgarian-patriarch-before-Turkish-Slavery

Saint Patriarch Eutymious of Bulgaria
Picture source Pravoslavieto.com

The veneration of Saint Petka of Bulgaria as a protector of family and a warm prayerer for all those who venerate her in this country has slowly spread in the coming centuries by pupils of St. Euthymius of Tarnovo who according to some historians whose works came to us in the form of the a bit more standardized Church Slavonic used in the Eastern Orthodox Churches as a fruit of the works of St. Euthymus.

The Living of Saint Petka Parashkeva

Sveta_Petka-Bylgarska-Balkanska-holy-icon

Saint Petka Parashkeva Picture source Pravoslavieto.com

Tropion 4-th voice

 Desertous and silent living you loved after Christ your groom, diligently you ran to and his good yoke you took in your younghood,
with the Sign of the Cross against the thought enemies you have manly armed, with fasting feats and prayer and with tear drops the coals of passions extinguished oh highly famed Paraskevo. And now in the Heavenly halls with the wise virgins you stay in front of Christ, pray for us who venerate your holy remembrance.

Kontakion, voice 6

Let us piusly sung our reverend  mother Saint Petka, because by living the corruptable in live, received the imperishable in eternity, becoming holy intercessor for all in trouble and exhausting from the evils of life. For the reason she received from God imperishable fame, glory and grace to be a wonder worker.

Sveta-Petka-Zakrilnica-Bylgarska-Saint_Petka-Protectress-of-Bulgarian-lands

NB ! St. Petka of Epivates has not to be confused with Saint Petka (from Inokia who lived in 303 AD venerated on 28 of October) or  St Petka the Roman (feast day 26 July).

St. Petka's  has been born in city of Epivates in Byzantium (today city called Selim Pasha nearby Odrin's Aegian City) in 10-th Century from a famous and respectful family, her father Nikita has been very rich landowner.

She lived in the second part of X-th century. According to hear living by Patriarch Eutymious, her smaller brother Eutymious who become a monk has been a Metropolitan of Maditos for 40 years and in year (989 – 996) died aged 81 and is shortly after canonized as saint, his younger sister St. Paraskeva passed away after him in the new 11-th century and is aged at least 85 in the time of passing in the city of Kallikrateia. 

The living continues that near the age of 10 year old she heard in a Christian temple a voice by Jesus Christ himself in resemblance to Saint Apostle Paul and said the Evangelical New Testamental words:
"Whoever wants to walk after me, let him deny himself, to take his cross and follow me !".

The unexpected vision convinced the young Paraskeva to immediately exchange her new clothes to a beggers to leave all her belongings to the poor and live a silent living similarto begger for a time in work and prayer, though she did not leave her parents home. On a few occasions all she had worked for has been distributed to the poor.

Sveta-Petka-Bylgarska-Balkanska

Greek typical depiction of Saint Petka of Epivates

When her parents died, her brother as already a monk and Bishop. St. Petka leave her house and travelled to Constanople and received a nun tonsure and as a nun she lived for 5 years near the deserted Church of the "Protection of the Virgin Mary" in the capital suburb of Heraklia. She travelled to the Holy lands visiting Jerusalem and Church of Holy Sepulchre.
Following the example of the blessed famed Saint Mary of Egypt, she lived in Jordan's desert many years till eldership.

Feeling and foreseeing her death, she travelled back through Constantinople to city of Epivates. Settle near the Church "Holy Apostles", where after 2 years of living in deep prayer and fasting labours living in solitary in holiness passed away silently to Christ in heavenly life. Compassionate Christians immediately buried her body of the nun outside of the city walls as a foreigner. A shortly after numerous miracles started happening on her grave.

St_Petka-Parashkeva-Epivatska-Klisura_Monastery_Holy_Icon

Saint Petka Parashkeva Bulgarian Icon from Klisura Monastery located nearby Sofia Bulgaria

In 1230 King Ivan Asen II the most powerful South-eastern European ruler demanded from the the Knights of the Crusaders to submit him her holy relics who are found still in Tracian city Kaliakratea ruled at that time by the Holy Latin Empire. King Ivan Asen II together with the patriach Joachim the first receives her holy relics with honor and settles her incorruptabilities into the newly creates Church in honour of herself St. Petka behind Tsarevets Fortress. Saint Petka became from that point considered as a protectress of the city, the throne and the country.
Her holy relics arrived from Kallikrateia in Tarnovo, the Capital of Second Bulgarian Empire in year 1230 AD, she has been thus called Paraskeva of Tarnovo and has been venerated as a protectress of the Tarnovo city the Bulgarian nation and the country. The attitude towards Saint Petka Tarnovska as a protectress of Bulgarian nation and contry is been clearly seen by the mention in the Bulgarian and International acts (documents) and manuscripts of that XII – XII century.

Saint_Petka-Epivatska-Bylgarska-Romanian-in-Iashi-Romania-veneration-of-romanian-monks

Romanian Monks and Priests venerate the holy relics of Saint Petka of Epivates in Iashi Romania

In subsequent years, St. Petka Paraskevi’s holy relics were transferred to various churches in the region.

In 1393 due to the fall of Bulgarian capital to save them her holy relics were transferred to fortress of Bdin today city of Vidin Bulgaria, but 3 years later 1396 Vidin's fortress also fall under the ungodly yatagan of  the muslim enslaver and to protect the relics they were again transferred to Belgrade, specifically the Ružica Church. When Belgrade fell to Ottoman forces in 1521, the relics were transferred to Constantinople. In 1641, the relics were transferred to Trei Ierarhi Monastery, in Iaşi, Moldavia (nowadays, eastern part of Romania). In 1888, they were transferred to the Metropolitan Cathedral of Iaşi.

Since 1888 they are kept in Romanian city of Iaşi and are a target of pilgrims from all around Romania, Bulgaria and other Orthodox Christian countries of the Balkans. For the day her memory is remembered in the Romanian Church usually about 200 000 people mostly from Romania and others travel to Iaşi's Cathedral in the Trei Ierarhi Monastery (Three Hierarchs – saint John Crysostom, St. Basilius the Great and St. Gregory the Great) of the  for a blessing and to beg the saint for her families, personal issues, curings especially of eye diseases

A severe drought in 1946-47 affected Moldavia, adding to the misery left by the war. Metropolitan Justinian Marina permitted the first procession featuring the coffin containing the relics of Saint Paraskevi, kept at Iaşi since then. The relics wended their way through the drought-deserted villages of Iaşi, Vaslui, Roman, Bacău, Putna, Neamţ, Baia and Botoşani Counties. The offerings collected on this occasion were distributed, based on Metropolitan Justinian's decisions, to orphans, widows, invalids, school cafeterias, churches under construction, and to monasteries in order to feed the sick, and old or feeble monks.

In the historical document with Venezia as of (year 1347), King Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria swears in the name of most holy considered matters, the document says – quote "in the name of God, The Most Holy Theotokos, The Holy Cross and The Most Holy Paraskeva of Tarnovo".

 
Since Second Bulgarian Kingdom, St. Petka has been venerated as a main patroness and protector of Bulgarian nation and country, protectress of countries of Moldova, Romania and Bulgarian cities of Veliko Tarnovo, Gabrovo and Troyan.

In Bulgaria it is an old tradition to name our childs in favour of Saint Petka, my grand-grand mother God Forgive us has also been called Parashkeva in favor of Saint Petka.

Holy Mother Petka Paraskeva (Parashkevo) Pray the Lord Jesus Christ to have mercy on All us the sinners !

Fix to an “Unknown DAV provider: svn” on Debian GNU Linux

Tuesday, February 16th, 2010

I’ve been installing subversion with WebDAV support on Apache2. After
configuring in the VirtualHost to have support for WebDAV:
I encountered the following error while testing apache configuration:
Unknown DAV provider: svn
In order to fix the problem I had to install libapache2-svn.
Here is how;

apt-get install the libapache2-svn

This fixed the issue.