Posts Tagged ‘after’

The Gospel of the Second Resurrection (John 20:19–26) Bright Monday Gospel reading interpretation

Sunday, April 12th, 2026

Resurrection-of-Christ-Bulgarian-Eastern_Orthodox-Christian-Miracle-making-icon
Christ is Risen ! Truly he is Risen ! 

Another year to celebrate Resurrection day, I great all my readers with the Holy and Glorious day of The Resurrection of Christ !
Happy Resurrection day, Happy Easter to All faithful Christians and all Technology Freaks out there who look for the Universal truth and meaning of life !

Happy Resurrection to those who are searching it and those who find it, as I tend to find more and more that more technological literate people came to become Christian and find the Light and truthfulness of Holy Orthodox Christian Faith !
 

In Orthodox Christianity, the Second Resurrection Service often called Agape Vespers is a deeply symbolic and joyful service celebrated on the afternoon or evening of Pascha, the feast of Christ’s Resurrection, an event that changed history forever and made the Time to be counted on Age before Christ and Age after him Anno Domini ( A.D. ) Christ's victory over death and importance of the Resurrection has become a turning stone for whole world and has one time forever changed the history to Bring the Light of Heaven on earth again after the fall of man in Eden's garden. 
In Orthodox Christian tradition the feast of Resurrection is being celebrated Staring from the Day of Pascha (The Resurrection of Christ) towards his Ascension on the Day of Ascension on the 40th Day. Many might not today, that the first 7 days Week of Pascha is actually a whole period of celebration like a day who marks The Resurrection and the whole week in Orthodox tradition is considered as one single day. The first 3 days when the Lord Jesus Christ raised to the death after being in Hell with his soul to Save and Save all the waiting souls of prophets and old testamental times of old righteous people and those who repented (on Holy Saturday) the Next day after Crucifix (on Holy Friday) are the Most glorious and important days of the whole 40 days period of the Resurrection till time the Lord Ascended to Heaven with his Glorious Resurrectied Body

The Paschal Church service of the Resurrection of Christ which is celebrated with serving Saint Basyl's Holy Liturgy in Orthodox Christian tradition always starts exactly at Midnight. In many traditions nowdays like also in Bulgarian tradition, the Holy Fire is brought by Plane to the Synodal Palace of the Church from hence it is distributed across local Pariches Churches to bring the Light of the Miracle of Jerusalem of Holy Fire that happen once and only for Eastern Orthodox Christians, when a Light of Heaven comes to light up the Candle of Jerusalem's Eastern Orthodox Christian patriarch as a eternal confirmation of the Truthfulness of the Resurrection of Christ (a God's sign for Unbelievers to think and study the Orthtoxy). The miracle of Holy Fire happened even this year in Jerusalem in the Holy Sepulcher Church (built on top of the Place of Resurrection of Christ). Thanks God even though humanity sinfulness (and the escalating wars) which by Miracle and God's grace and great Mercy has been temporary suspended for the World to mark the Feast of the Feast of The Resurrection. It is a clear miracle that this temporary peace in Ukraine and Russia as well as Israel and Iran happened exactly on the days of the Eastern Orthodox Christian resurrection, which is this year as most years one week later than the Roman Catholic pascha (as we at the Orthodox Church still do venerate righteously the rule of The first Church Council of Nicea.).

The reason to follow Easter differently for Eastern Orthodox Chrsitians from Western Roman Catholic Christians is often misunderstood and puts great confusion to explain especially to modern people from East and West faith that work together in corporations, thus I'll put a short explanation on why we Eastern Orthodox Christians celebrate Pascha often differently than Roman Catholics?:
There are 3 main reasons that sted from the Ecumenical council of Nicea:

 

  1. Separation from Jewish Timing: The Council mandated that Christians should no longer rely on Jewish calculations for the 14th of Nisan. The Emperor Constantine, in a letter following the council, argued that it was "unworthy" for Christians to follow the custom of those who had rejected Christ.
  2. Solar-Lunar Formula: To remain independent, the Council adopted the "Alexandrian method": Pascha must fall on the first Sunday after the first full moon occurring on or after the vernal equinox.
  3. Biblical Sequence: While the council's surviving canons do not explicitly state "after Passover," the Orthodox Church maintains that the Nicene intent was to preserve the Biblical sequence of events. Since the Resurrection happened after the Jewish Passover in the Gospels, the Orthodox calculation ensures Pascha never precedes or coincides with the start of the Jewish festival. 

On the next day after we celebrate the Feast of Resurrection (Velikden as called in Eastern tradition) is Bright Monday. The day is very special as the Night Vigil and Morning Service with Holy Liturgy ends up very late around 3, 3-30 A.M. And the service is created by Holy Fathers of the Church inspired by God as a way to experience for second time (on the same day)the Joy of the Resurrection, so the spiritual joy be even more multiplied and well undestood b the Church members.

The Bright Monday or Easter Monday in Eastern Orthodox Christian tradition is marked by what is often called the “Second Resurrection”service. 

The service is a continuation of the joy of Pascha, emphasizing the universal proclamation of Christ’s victory over death.

At the heart of this celebration is the Gospel reading from John 20:19–26, which recounts Christ’s first appearances to His disciples after the Resurrection. What is unique for the service is this is the only day in year when the One and Holy Universal Eastern Orthodox Church shows its universality and union and acceptance of all languages as a mean to proclaim the Good new of Salvation way the Holy Gospel introduced for everyone who believed in the name of the Jesus Christ as a Son of God and Savior of the World by Having introduced the reading of a Gospel reading in different nation languages 

Here is a selection of the Text reading as translated in different languages, might be helpful if you belong to one of those Churches abroad, to read the text on "Second Resurrection", bright monday Service:
 

English (King James Version)
John 20:19–26

Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you.
And when he had so said, he shewed unto them his hands and his side. Then were the disciples glad, when they saw the Lord.
Then said Jesus to them again, Peace be unto you: as my Father hath sent me, even so send I you.
And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and saith unto them, Receive ye the Holy Ghost:
Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them; and whose soever sins ye retain, they are retained.
But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.
The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe.
And after eight days again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them: then came Jesus, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, Peace be unto you.

Bulgarian (Synodal translation) 
Йоан 20:19–26

Вечерта в същия ден, първия на седмицата, когато вратите, дето бяха събрани учениците, бяха заключени от страх от юдеите, дойде Иисус, застана посред и им каза: Мир вам!

И като рече това, показа им ръцете и ребрата Си. Учениците се зарадваха, като видяха Господа.
Иисус пак им рече: Мир вам! Както Ме прати Отец, така и Аз ви пращам.
Като каза това, духна и им рече: Приемете Духа Светаго.
На които простите греховете, ще им се простят; на които задържите, ще се задържат.
А Тома, един от дванайсетте, наречен Близнак, не беше с тях, когато дойде Иисус.
Другите ученици му казваха: Видяхме Господа. А той им рече: Ако не видя на ръцете Му белега от гвоздеите и не туря пръста си в раните от гвоздеите и не туря ръката си в ребрата Му, няма да повярвам.
След осем дни учениците Му пак бяха вътре и Тома с тях. Дойде Иисус, когато вратите бяха заключени, застана посред и рече: Мир вам!

 Russian (Synodal) 
От Иоанна 20:19–26

В тот же первый день недели вечером, когда двери дома, где собирались ученики Его, были заперты из опасения от Иудеев, пришел Иисус, и стал посреди, и говорит им: мир вам!
Сказав это, Он показал им руки и ребра Свои. Ученики обрадовались, увидев Господа.
Иисус же сказал им вторично: мир вам! как послал Меня Отец, так и Я посылаю вас.
Сказав это, дунул, и говорит им: примите Духа Святаго.
Кому простите грехи, тому простятся; на ком оставите, на том останутся.
Фома же, один из двенадцати, называемый Близнец, не был тут с ними, когда приходил Иисус.
Другие ученики сказали ему: мы видели Господа. Но он сказал им: если не увижу на руках Его ран от гвоздей и не вложу перста моего в раны от гвоздей и не вложу руки моей в ребра Его, не поверю.
После восьми дней опять были в доме ученики Его, и Фома с ними. Пришел Иисус, когда двери были заперты, стал посреди их и сказал: мир вам!

Ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ Ἰωάννην ἁγίου Εὐαγγελίου τὸ ἀνάγνωσμα.
Greek (Κοινή / Patriarchal Text – Orthodox usage) 

Οὔσης οὖν ὀψίας τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων, καὶ τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ συνηγμένοι διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν.
καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔδειξεν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ. ἐχάρησαν οὖν οἱ μαθηταὶ ἰδόντες τὸν Κύριον.
εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς πάλιν ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν· καθὼς ἀπέσταλκέ με ὁ Πατήρ, κἀγὼ πέμπω ὑμᾶς.
καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἐνεφύσησε καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Λάβετε Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον·
ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἀφίενται αὐτοῖς· ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται.
Θωμᾶς δὲ εἷς ἐκ τῶν δώδεκα, ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος, οὐκ ἦν μετ’ αὐτῶν ὅτε ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς.
ἔλεγον οὖν αὐτῷ οἱ ἄλλοι μαθηταί· Ἑωράκαμεν τὸν Κύριον. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἐὰν μὴ ἴδω ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω τὴν χεῖρά μου εἰς τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω.
καὶ μεθ’ ἡμέρας ὀκτὼ πάλιν ἦσαν ἔσω οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Θωμᾶς μετ’ αὐτῶν. ἔρχεται ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ εἶπεν· Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν.

 Serbian (Епископски / Orthodox usage)
Јован 20:19–26

А у вече тог првог дана седмице, кад су врата где беху ученици сабрани била затворена од страха од Јудејаца, дође Исус и стаде међу њих и рече им: Мир вам!
И ово рекавши, показа им руке и ребра Своја. Тада се обрадоваше ученици видевши Господа.
Тада им Исус опет рече: Мир вам! Као што је Отац послао Мене, и Ја шаљем вас.
И ово рекавши, дуну и рече им: Примите Духа Светога.
Којима опростите грехе, опраштају им се; којима задржите, задржани су.
А Тома, један од дванаесторице, звани Близанац, не беше с њима кад дође Исус.
Тада му други ученици говораху: Видели смо Господа. А он им рече: Ако не видим на рукама Његовим ране од клинова и не ставим прст свој у ране од клинова и не ставим руку своју у ребра Његова, нећу веровати.

И после осам дана опет беху унутра ученици Његови и Тома с њима. Дође Исус кад врата беху затворена, стаде међу њих и рече: Мир вам!

 Romanian (Biblia sinodală – Orthodox)
Ioan 20:19–26

Și fiind seară, în ziua aceea, cea dintâi a săptămânii, și ușile fiind încuiate unde erau ucenicii adunați de frica iudeilor, a venit Iisus și a stat în mijloc și le-a zis: Pace vouă!
Și zicând aceasta, le-a arătat mâinile și coasta Sa. Deci s-au bucurat ucenicii, văzând pe Domnul.
Și le-a zis iarăși Iisus: Pace vouă! Precum M-a trimis pe Mine Tatăl, vă trimit și Eu pe voi.
Și zicând aceasta, a suflat asupra lor și le-a zis: Luați Duh Sfânt.
Cărora veți ierta păcatele, le vor fi iertate; și cărora le veți ține, vor fi ținute.
Iar Toma, unul din cei doisprezece, numit Geamănul, nu era cu ei când a venit Iisus.
Deci ceilalți ucenici îi ziceau: Am văzut pe Domnul. Dar el le-a zis: Dacă nu voi vedea în mâinile Lui semnul cuielor și nu voi pune degetul meu în semnul cuielor și nu voi pune mâna mea în coasta Lui, nu voi crede.
Și după opt zile, ucenicii Lui erau iarăși înăuntru, și Toma împreună cu ei. A venit Iisus, ușile fiind încuiate, și a stat în mijloc și a zis: Pace vouă!

 

German (Luther tradition / Orthodox-used standard translation style)
Johannes 20,19–26

Und am Abend desselben ersten Tages der Woche, als die Türen verschlossen waren, wo die Jünger versammelt waren aus Furcht vor den Juden, kam Jesus und trat mitten unter sie und spricht zu ihnen: Friede sei mit euch!

Und als er das gesagt hatte, zeigte er ihnen die Hände und seine Seite. Da wurden die Jünger froh, dass sie den Herrn sahen.

Da sprach Jesus abermals zu ihnen: Friede sei mit euch! Gleichwie mich der Vater gesandt hat, so sende ich euch.

Und als er das gesagt hatte, hauchte er sie an und spricht zu ihnen: Empfangt den Heiligen Geist!

Welchen ihr die Sünden erlasst, denen sind sie erlassen; und welchen ihr sie behaltet, denen sind sie behalten.

Thomas aber, einer der Zwölf, der Zwilling genannt wird, war nicht bei ihnen, als Jesus kam.

Da sagten ihm die anderen Jünger: Wir haben den Herrn gesehen. Er aber sprach zu ihnen: Wenn ich nicht in seinen Händen die Nägelmale sehe und meinen Finger in die Nägelmale lege und meine Hand in seine Seite lege, so will ich nicht glauben.

Und nach acht Tagen waren seine Jünger abermals drinnen, und Thomas war bei ihnen. Kommt Jesus, als die Türen verschlossen waren, und tritt mitten unter sie und spricht: Friede sei mit euch!

Arabic (بطريركي / Orthodox liturgical usage)
إنجيل يوحنا 20:19–2

ولما كانت عشية ذلك اليوم، وهو أول الأسبوع، وكانت الأبواب مغلقة حيث كان التلاميذ مجتمعين خوفًا من اليهود، جاء يسوع ووقف في الوسط وقال لهم: سلام لكم.

ولما قال هذا أراهم يديه وجنبه، ففرح التلاميذ إذ رأوا الرب.

فقال لهم يسوع ثانية: سلام لكم. كما أرسلني الآب أرسلكم أنا أيضًا.

ولما قال هذا نفخ فيهم وقال لهم: اقبلوا الروح القدس.

من غفرتم خطاياه تُغفر له، ومن أمسكتم خطاياه أُمسكت.

أما توما، أحد الاثني عشر، الذي يُدعى التوأم، فلم يكن معهم حين جاء يسوع.

فقال له التلاميذ الآخرون: قد رأينا الرب. فقال لهم: إن لم أبصر في يديه أثر المسامير وأضع إصبعي في أثر المسامير وأضع يدي في جنبه لا أؤمن.

وبعد ثمانية أيام كان تلاميذه أيضًا داخلًا، وكان توما معهم. جاء يسوع والأبواب مغلقة، ووقف في الوسط وقال: سلام لكم!

Georgian (საქართველოს მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია)
იოანე 20:19–26

და იყო მწუხრი იმ დღესა, კვირის პირველ დღეს, და კარნი დახშულნი იყვნენ, სადაც მოწაფენი იყვნენ შეკრებილნი იუდეველთა შიშისგან, მოვიდა იესო და დადგა მათ შორის და ჰრქუა მათ: მშვიდობა თქუენდა.
და ეს რომ თქვა, უჩვენა მათ ხელნი და გვერდი თვისი. და გაიხარეს მოწაფეებმა, იხილეს რა უფალი.
მაშინ კვლავ უთხრა მათ იესომ: მშვიდობა თქუენდა; როგორც მამამ მომავლინა მე, მეც თქვენ მოგავლინებთ.
და ეს რომ თქვა, შეუბერა მათ და უთხრა: მიიღეთ სული წმინდა.
ვისაც მიუტევებთ ცოდვებს, მიეტევებათ მათ; და ვისაც დაუკავებთ, დაუკავდებათ.
ხოლო თომა, ერთი თორმეტთაგანი, რომელსაც ეწოდებოდა ტყუპი, არ იყო მათთან, როცა მოვიდა იესო.
უთხრეს მას სხვა მოწაფეებმა: ვიხილეთ უფალი. ხოლო მან უთხრა მათ: თუ არ ვიხილავ მის ხელებზე ფრჩხილების ნიშანს და არ შევიტან ჩემს თითს ფრჩხილების ნიშანში და არ შევიტან ჩემს ხელს მის გვერდში, არ ვირწმუნებ.
და რვა დღის შემდეგ კვლავ იყვნენ შინ მისი მოწაფენი და თომაც მათთან. მოვიდა იესო, კარნი დახშულნი იყვნენ, დადგა მათ შორის და უთხრა: მშვიდობა თქუენდა.

 

Albanian (Orthodox Albanian Bible usage)
Gjoni 20:19–26

Dhe kur u bë mbrëmje në atë ditë, ditën e parë të javës, dhe dyert ishin të mbyllura ku ishin mbledhur dishepujt nga frika e judenjve, erdhi Jezusi dhe qëndroi në mes dhe u tha atyre: Paqe juve!
Dhe pasi tha këtë, u tregoi duart dhe brinjën e Tij. Atëherë dishepujt u gëzuan kur panë Zotin.
Dhe Jezusi u tha përsëri: Paqe juve! Sikurse më dërgoi Ati, ashtu ju dërgoj edhe unë juve.
Dhe pasi tha këtë, fryu mbi ta dhe u tha: Merrni Frymën e Shenjtë.
Kujt t’ia falni mëkatet, do t’u falen; kujt t’ia mbani, do t’u mbeten.
Por Thomai, një nga të dymbëdhjetët, i quajtur Binjaku, nuk ishte me ta kur erdhi Jezusi.
Dishepujt e tjerë i thoshin: E pamë Zotin. Por ai u tha: Nëse nuk shoh në duart e Tij shenjat e gozhdëve dhe nuk vë gishtin tim në shenjat e gozhdëve dhe nuk vë dorën time në brinjën e Tij, nuk do të besoj.
Dhe pas tetë ditësh, dishepujt e Tij ishin përsëri brenda dhe Thomai me ta. Erdhi Jezusi, kur dyert ishin të mbyllura, dhe qëndroi në mes dhe tha: Paqe juve!

Czech (Český ekumenický / Orthodox-used translation style)
Jan 20,19–26

Když byl večer onoho dne, prvního dne v týdnu, a dveře, kde byli učedníci shromážděni ze strachu před Židy, byly zavřeny, přišel Ježíš, postavil se doprostřed a řekl jim: Pokoj vám!

A když to řekl, ukázal jim ruce a svůj bok. Učedníci se zaradovali, když viděli Pána.
Ježíš jim znovu řekl: Pokoj vám! Jako Otec poslal mne, tak já posílám vás.
A když to řekl, dechl na ně a řekl jim: Přijměte Ducha Svatého.
Komu odpustíte hříchy, budou mu odpuštěny; komu je zadržíte, budou zadrženy.
Tomáš, jeden z dvanácti, zvaný Didymos, nebyl s nimi, když přišel Ježíš.
Ostatní učedníci mu říkali: Viděli jsme Pána. Ale on jim řekl: Jestliže neuvidím na jeho rukou jizvy po hřebech a nevložím svůj prst do jizev po hřebech a nevložím svou ruku do jeho boku, neuvěřím.
A po osmi dnech byli jeho učedníci opět uvnitř a Tomáš s nimi. Přišel Ježíš, když byly dveře zavřeny, postavil se doprostřed a řekl: Pokoj vám!

Slovak (Orthodox-used / liturgical style)
Ján 20,19–26

Keď bol večer toho prvého dňa v týždni a dvere, kde boli učeníci zhromaždení zo strachu pred Židmi, boli zavreté, prišiel Ježiš, postavil sa doprostred a povedal im: Pokoj vám!
A keď to povedal, ukázal im ruky a svoj bok. Učeníci sa zaradovali, keď videli Pána.
Ježiš im znova povedal: Pokoj vám! Ako mňa poslal Otec, aj ja posielam vás.
A keď to povedal, dýchol na nich a povedal im: Prijmite Ducha Svätého.
Komu odpustíte hriechy, budú mu odpustené; komu ich zadržíte, budú zadržané.
Tomáš, jeden z dvanástich, zvaný Didymus, nebol s nimi, keď prišiel Ježiš.
Ostatní učeníci mu hovorili: Videli sme Pána. Ale on im povedal: Ak neuvidím na jeho rukách stopy po klincoch a nevložím svoj prst do stôp po klincoch a nevložím svoju ruku do jeho boku, neuverím.
A po ôsmich dňoch boli jeho učeníci znova vnútri a Tomáš s nimi. Prišiel Ježiš, keď boli dvere zatvorené, postavil sa doprostred a povedal: Pokoj vám!

The Meaning of the Passage

This Gospel takes place on the evening of the Resurrection:

“Peace be with you.” (John 20:19)

The disciples are gathered in fear, behind closed doors. Yet Christ appears among them not as a ghost, but in His glorified body. His greeting, “Peace be with you,” is not merely comforting, it is transformative. It signals reconciliation between God and humanity.

Christ then shows His wounds, proving that the Crucified One is truly the Risen One.

The Gift of the Holy Spirit

One of the most profound moments in this passage is when Christ breathes on the disciples:

“Receive the Holy Spirit.” (John 20:22)

This act recalls the creation of Adam, when God breathed life into humanity. Here, the Risen Christ inaugurates a new creation—restoring and renewing mankind.

He also grants the apostles authority:

“If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven…” (John 20:23)

This becomes the foundation of the Church’s sacramental life.

The Absence of Thomas

Thomas is not present during this first appearance. His absence becomes spiritually significant, he represents all who struggle with doubt.

When told of the Resurrection, Thomas responds:

“Unless I see… I will not believe.” (John 20:25)

This honest doubt sets the stage for the next encounter (read the following Sunday), where faith is deepened through experience.

Why It Is Called the “Second Resurrection Gospel” ?

This Gospel reading done in multiple languages during Easter Monday services, is very adequate in international Church communities such as Orthodox Church pariches in Western Europe and America where, there are church members from virtually every nationality. 
Those reading is conduceted in Church Pariches by people whos native language is the language of reading or by anyone in the Church community that can speak or read the language. Thus the Church assemblyy shows clearly to the World:

1. The universality of the Resurrection for All Mankind and a reference to the Primal Language of Edem which in New Testamental times after Christ is the Language of Love and virtues as given by Christ.
2. The spreading of the Gospel to all nations (for which the apostles and every Christian has been called by the Saviour
The unity of the Church across cultures and tongues
3. The unity of the Church across cultures and tongues and the one saving truth that if practiced as prescribed will lead humanity and each individual to Christs faith and salvation.

Closing words
 

Hopefully this article was interseting for tech guys and some diversity from the boredom of tech stuff. I hope it shed some light love, faith, hope and peace and understanding for anyone who searches for the Truth.

I will close it with the Great and glorious and spiritually rich Paschal Sermon of Saint John Crysostom, that is being red on the Easter Service (at some Churches it is practice to read this sermon over the first three days Church services of Pasche).

The Catechetical Sermon of St. John Chrysostom reading Matins of Pascha.

The_Descent-of-Jesus-Christ-in-Hades-to-save-all-in-Hell-saint-Ekaterina-monastery-from-years-around-1500s

The descent to Hades of Christ – Saint Ekaterina Monastery ancient of Resurrection

If any man be devout and love God, let him enjoy this fair and radiant triumphal feast.
If any man be a wise servant, let him rejoicing enter into the joy of his Lord.
If any have labored long in fasting, let him now receive his recompense.
If any have wrought from the first hour, let him today receive his just reward.
If any have come at the third hour, let him with thankfulness keep the feast.
If any have arrived at the sixth hour, let him have no misgivings; because he shall in nowise be deprived thereof.
If any have delayed until the ninth hour, let him draw near, fearing nothing.
If any have tarried even until the eleventh hour, let him, also, be not alarmed at his tardiness; for the Lord, who is jealous of his honor, will accept the last even as the first; He gives rest unto him who comes at the eleventh hour, even as unto him who has wrought from the first hour.

And He shows mercy upon the last, and cares for the first; and to the one He gives, and upon the other He bestows gifts.
And He both accepts the deeds, and welcomes the intention, and honors the acts and praises the offering.
Wherefore, enter you all into the joy of your Lord; and receive your reward, both the first, and likewise the second.
You rich and poor together, hold high festival. You sober and you heedless, honor the day.
Rejoice today, both you who have fasted and you who have disregarded the fast.
The table is full-laden; feast ye all sumptuously.
The calf is fatted; let no one go hungry away.

Enjoy ye all the feast of faith: Receive ye all the riches of loving-kindness.
Let no one bewail his poverty, for the universal kingdom has been revealed.
Let no one weep for his iniquities, for pardon has shown forth from the grave.
Let no one fear death, for the Savior’s death has set us free.
He that was held prisoner of it has annihilated it. By descending into Hell, He made Hell captive.
He embittered it when it tasted of His flesh.
And Isaiah, foretelling this, did cry: Hell, said he, was embittered, when it encountered Thee in the lower regions.
It was embittered, for it was abolished. It was embittered, for it was mocked.
It was embittered, for it was slain. It was embittered, for it was overthrown.
It was embittered, for it was fettered in chains.
It took a body, and met God face to face.
It took earth, and encountered Heaven.
It took that which was seen, and fell upon the unseen.

O Death, where is your sting? O Hell, where is your victory?
Christ is risen, and you are overthrown.
Christ is risen, and the demons are fallen.
Christ is risen, and the angels rejoice.
Christ is risen, and life reigns.
Christ is risen, and not one dead remains in the grave.
For Christ, being risen from the dead, is become the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep.
To Him be glory and dominion unto ages of ages.
Amen.

Installing Freedoom, Freedoom Phase 2, and Other DOOMs on GNU / Linux

Thursday, January 29th, 2026

freedoom-game-on-linux-shot-killed-monster
You think good old DOOM game is Dead ? Think again. 

From graphing calculators and printers to ATMs, traffic signs, refrigerators, and even experimental brain-computer interfaces, DOOM has proven itself less a game and more a force of nature. For decades, developers and hackers have ported it onto devices never meant for fast-paced demon slaying, simply because they could. This strange tradition says as much about DOOM’s elegant design as it does about the creativity – and stubbornness – of the open-source community. Perhaps as a mean of extension people from the free realm decide to create a a playable and free remake of it.

If you want classic DOOM action game to have fun on Linux without proprietary game data, Freedoom is the answer.
It’s free, open source, and designed to be fully compatible with the original DOOM engine ,while still delivering you a monsters to kill, shotguns, and extremely questionable life choices.

This article walks you through installing Freedoom, Phase1  Freedoom Phase 2, and running them with popular DOOM source ports on Linux such as gzdoom and chocolate-doom and freedm.

What Is Freedoom (and Why Should You Care)?

Freedoom is a free replacement for the original DOOM game data (WAD files).

Freedoom comes in two main flavors:

  • Freedoom (Phase 1)Doom-compatible (monsters, maps, weapons)
  • Freedoom Phase 2Doom II – compatible (bigger maps, more enemies, more chaos)
     

Think of them as DOOM and DOOM II, but liberated from copyright hell.

1. Install Freedoom on Linux

On most Linux distributions, Freedoom is available directly from the package manager.

Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint

# apt install freedoom

freedoom2-screenshot-linux-phase2

This installs:

  • freedoom1.wad (Phase 1)
  • freedoom2.wad (Phase 2)

You now officially own free DOOM. Congratulations.

$ freedoom1

$ freedoom2

 

freedoom2-linux-game-play-screenshot-with-doom-monsters-free-wad


 

2. Choose a DOOM Engine (a.k.a. Source Port)

Freedoom doesn’t run by itself- you need a DOOM engine to play it. Luckily, Linux has lots of excellent options.

2.1. Chocolate Doom (Classic Experience)

Chocolate Doom aims to recreate exactly how DOOM felt in the 1990s. Same physics, same limits, same pixelated glory.

Doom engines closely-compatible with Vanilla Doom

Chocolate Doom aims to accurately reproduce the original DOS version of

Doom and other games based on the Doom engine in a form that can be

run on modern computers. Unlike most modern Doom engines, Chocolate Doom

is not derived from the Boom source port and does not inherit its

features (or bugs).

 

chocolate-doom package contains:

* Chocolate Doom, a port of Id Software's "Doom" (1993)

* Chocolate Heretic, a port of Raven Software's "Heretic" (1994)

* Chocolate Hexen, a port of Raven Software's "Hexen" (1995)

* Chocolate Strife, a recreation of Rogue Entertainment's "Strife" (1996)

These games are designed to behave as similar to the original DOS version as

is possible.

Chocolate Doom supports all flavors of Doom, including The Ultimate Doom, Doom

2 and Final Doom as well as Chex(R) Quest, HacX, Freedoom: Phase 1 and Phase 2

and FreeDM.

All Chocolate game engines require game data to play. For Chocolate Doom,

free game data is available in the freedoom package. Commercial game data for

all four engines can be packaged using "game-data-packager".

To install it simply run:

# apt install chocolate-doom

Run Freedoom:

$ chocolate-doom -iwad /usr/share/games/doom/freedoom1.wad

Or Doom II–style:

$ chocolate-doom -iwad /usr/share/games/doom/freedoom2.wad

2.2. PrBoom+ (Classic but Smoother)

PrBoom+ keeps the old-school feel but adds:

  • Better performance
  • Higher resolutions
  • Fewer headaches

To install it:

# apt install dsda-doom

Run dsda-doom:

$ dsda-doom -iwad freedoom2.wad

 

freedm-game-entry-screen

Best for:

  • Vanilla gameplay with modern comfort
  • Speedrunners
  • People who want fewer crashes than 1993 allowed

2.3. GZDoom (Modern, Fancy, Wild)

GZDoom is DOOM after drinking several energy drinks:

  • Hardware acceleration
  • Mouse look
  • Mods, lighting, shaders, chaos

Add necessery repository:

$ rm –f /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/drdteam.gpg $ rm –f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/drdteam.list
# wget -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d https://debian.drdteam.org/drdteam-$(dpkg –print-architecture).sources
# apt update # apt install gzdoom

 

Run Original Doom WAD:

$ gzdoom -iwad /var/www/files/doom2.wad

doom2-original-wad-gzdoom-doom-linux-screenshot-entry-screen

doom2-original-wad-gzdoom-doom-linux-screenshot-plasma-gun-shot

 

If you need the original doom wads check out my earlier article DOOM 1, DOOM 2, DOOM 3 game wad files for download / Playing Doom on Debian Linux via FreeDoom open source doom engine
Run Freedoom WAD:

$ gzdoom -iwad freedoom2.wad

Best for:

  • Mods
  • Modern controls
  • Turning DOOM into something unrecognizable (but fun)

3. Installing Other DOOM Engines

Once you have an engine, you can play nearly any DOOM-compatible game by pointing it at a WAD file.

Popular options include:

  • FreeDM – A free deathmatch-focused DOOM experience
  • Heretic / Hexen – Fantasy DOOM (if you own the WADs)
  • User-made megawads – Thousands exist, ranging from brilliant to unhinged

Most engines let you load extra content like this:

$ gzdoom -iwad freedoom2.wad -file coolmap.wad

freedoom-exit-screen-cool-doom-text-ascii 3.1. Installing FreeDM Port


Install it with:

# apt install freedm
$ freedm

 

freedm-doom-linux-shot


3.2. Where Are the WAD Files located ?

Typically they are installed to:

/usr/share/games/doom/

Common files:

  • freedoom1.wad
  • freedoom2.wad
  • freedm.wad

You can copy them anywhere if you prefer a custom setup.

3.3. Keyboard, Mouse, and Sanity Settings

After launching:

  • Open Options → Controls
  • Enable mouse look (if using GZDoom)
  • Rebind keys (your pinky deserves mercy)
  • Increase resolution unless you’re feeling retro

Final Thoughts, DOOM A Forever Classic

Freedoom proves that DOOM isn’t just a game—it’s a platform, a culture, and for those born in the mid and beginning of 90s a travel back machine.

On Linux, you get:

  • Free game data
  • Multiple engines
  • Infinite mods
  • Zero DRM
  • Maximum demon destruction 🙂

Whether you want authentic 1993 vibes or modernized mayhem, Freedoom and Linux are a perfect match.
For old school fans and maniacs as well as IT tech guys with nostalgia or hard core angry system administrators this game is a real bliss
as it can be a true anti-stressor and a perfect for as a mean of anger management 🙂

Enjoy the Blast ! Happy Doom-Ing!

How to add Bulgarian language to GCompris Kids education software on Debian 12 GNU / Linux installing gcompris via flatpak next generation package distribution tool

Monday, January 26th, 2026

https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-gcompris-on-linux-via-flatpak-package-distribution-sandboxed-framework.png

As I have a small currently 5.5 years old Kid Dimitar at home and i'm doing my best to make him learn new things and advance in different areas of life and knowledge.

Today Decided to introduce him to Linux4Kids gcompris a KDE educational set of games for small children.
Once installed with simple

# apt install gcompris-qt


It works fine and default version installable from default Debian distribution is fine, except it does not support Bulgarian.

That is again not a nice suprise, as even some pseudo languages like Belarusian are there to set but Bulgarian missing on the default installable pack:

# dpkg -l |grep -i gcompris
ii gcompris-qt 3.1-2 amd64 educational games for small children
ii gcompris-qt-data 3.1-2 all data files for gcompris-qt

After some tampering and unable to find a native .deb port of the latest release and my undesire to move from debian 12 (bookworm) Desktop Linux laptop at the moment to Debian 13 Trixie, i've finally found a way to install it via flatpak:

For those who never used snap package ecosystem or flatpak, here is a shortly synthesis on it:

Flatpak is an open-source, next-generation framework for building, distributing, and running sandboxed desktop applications on Linux.
It enables developers to package apps once and run them on any Linux distribution by including all necessary dependencies.
Flatpak improves security by isolating applications from the host system. 

Flatpaks are containerized applications. They require more space because the bring along their own versions of their dependencies instead of relying on system versions.

While a single application will have greater space requirements, the base images [and potentially overlays] will get shared between them and each successive flatpak will potentially require less overhead.

The pros to using them is that flatpaks are often more current than their distribution packaged versions and they are somewhat isolated from the base system. The cons are that they're not managed with the rest of your system packages, can have slower start times, occasionally have permissions issues, and take up more space.

In some cases, flatpak is a better choice. Sometimes, it's not, and there's no way we can really determine that for you.

Tried up to my best to install the newest version of gcompris which as of time of writting this blog post is gcompris 25.1

 # apt info flatpak|grep -i 'descr' -A8 -B8

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

Recommends: ca-certificates, default-dbus-system-bus | dbus-system-bus, desktop-file-utils, hicolor-icon-theme, gtk-update-icon-cache, libpam-systemd, p11-kit, polkitd | policykit-1, shared-mime-info, xdg-desktop-portal (>= 1.6), xdg-desktop-portal-gtk (>= 1.6) | xdg-desktop-portal-backend, xdg-user-dirs
Suggests: avahi-daemon, malcontent-gui
Conflicts: xdg-app
Replaces: xdg-app
Homepage: https://flatpak.org/
Download-Size: 1,400 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://ftp.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 Packages
Description: Application deployment framework for desktop apps
 Flatpak installs, manages and runs sandboxed desktop application bundles.
 Application bundles run partially isolated from the wider system, using
 containerization techniques such as namespaces to prevent direct access
 to system resources. Resources from outside the sandbox can be accessed
 via "portal" services, which are responsible for access control; for
 example, the Documents portal displays an "Open" dialog outside the
 sandbox, then allows the application to access only the selected file.

 

 

# apt install flatpak

# flatpak remote-add –if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
# flatpak install flathub org.kde.gcompris
# flatpak run org.kde.gcompris


If you have sound glitches of gcompris on Older laptops install all necessery for pipewire run it like that:

# apt install pipewire pipewire-audio-client-libraries pipewire-pulse
 

Try to run it manually with:


# env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=60 ; flatpak run org.kde.gcompris

If still sound glithches are present a workaround is to tune PipeWire buffer/quantum size:

PipeWire buffer/quantum size too aggressive?
 

Many crackling issues come from too small quantum. Create ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf

# vim ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf
and add:textcontext.properties = {
    default.clock.rate = 48000
    default.clock.quantum = 1024
    default.clock.min-quantum = 512
    default.clock.max-quantum = 2048
}

#systemctl –user restart pipewire pipewire-pulse
 

Create a new wrapper script to run you gcompris easily
 

# vim /usr/local/bin/gcompris.sh

#!/bin/bash
# little hack script to make music streamed via pulseaudio to not have severe glitches when running gcompris latest release on debian 12
# through flatpak
# if not working run cmd
# systemctl –user restart pipewire
LANG=bg_BG.UTF-8
SDL_AUDIODRIVER=pulseaudio
#flatpak run –device=all –socket=pulseaudio org.kde.gcompris
flatpak override –user –env=SDL_AUDIODRIVER=pulseaudio org.kde.gcompris
flatpak override –user –filesystem=~/.config/pipewire:ro org.kde.gcompris
LANG=bg_BG.UTF-8 flatpak run –socket=pulseaudio org.kde.gcompris

# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gcompris.sh


Hence I run the wrapper script and let the kid enjoy the nice educational stuff while I enjoyed the nice kiddish peaceful music !

# /usr/local/bin/gcompris.sh


install-gcompris-on-linux-via-flatpak-package-distribution-sandboxed-framework

P.S. ! If you get issues with pipewire (if you're using one instead of pulseaudio as I do with my Mate desktop environment you can restart it and relaunch the gcompris nice addition to  tux4kids (see my previous article Tux for Kids (Tux Math, Tux Paint, Tux Typing) 3 games to develop your children Intellect):

# systemctl –user restart pipewire

Enjoy Gcompris !
 

How to Install and Use auditd for System Security Auditing on Linux

Thursday, September 25th, 2025

System auditing is essential for monitoring user activity, detecting unauthorized access, and ensuring compliance with security standards. On Linux, the Audit Daemon (auditd) provides powerful auditing capabilities for logging system events and actions.

This short article will walk you through installing, configuring, and using auditd to monitor your Linux system.

What is auditd?

auditd is the user-space component of the Linux Auditing System. It logs system calls, file access, user activity, and more — offering administrators a clear trail of what’s happening on the system.


1. Installing auditd

The auditd package is available by default in most major Linux distributions.

 On Debian/Ubuntu

# apt update
# apt install auditd audispd-plugins

 On CentOS/RHEL/Fedora

# yum install audit

After installation, start and enable the audit daemon

# systemctl start auditd

# systemctl enable auditd

Check its status

# systemctl status auditd

2. Setting Audit Rules

Once auditd is running, you need to define rules that tell it what to monitor.

Example: Monitor changes to /etc/passwd

# auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p rwxa -k passwd_monitor

Explanation:

  • -w /etc/passwd: Watch this file. When the file is accessed, the watcher will generate events.
  • -p rwxa: Monitor read, write, execute, and attribute changes
  • -k passwd_monitor: Assign a custom key name to identify logs. Later on, we could search for this (arbitrary) passwd string to identify events tagged with this key.

List active rules:

# auditctl -l

3. Common auditd Rules for Security Monitoring

Here are some common and useful auditd rules you can use to monitor system activity and enhance Linux system security. These rules are typically added to the /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules or /etc/audit/audit.rules file, depending on your system.

a. Monitor Access to /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow
 

-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k passwd_changes
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k shadow_changes

  • Monitors read/write/attribute changes to password files.

b. Monitor sudoers file and directory
 

-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k sudoers
-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k sudoers

  • Tracks any change to sudo configuration files.

c. Monitor Use of chmod, chown, and passwd
 

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S passwd -k passwd_changes

  • Watches permission and ownership changes.

d. Monitor User and Group Modifications

-w /etc/group -p wa -k group_mod
-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k gshadow_mod
-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k opasswd_mod

  • Catches user/group-related config changes.

e. Track Logins, Logouts, and Session Initiation

-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/run/faillock/ -p wa -k failed_login
-w /var/log/faillog -p wa -k faillog

  • Tracks login attempts and failures.

f. Monitor auditd Configuration Changes

-w /etc/audit/ -p wa -k auditconfig
-w /etc/audit/audit.rules -p wa -k auditrules

  • Watches changes to auditd configuration and rules.

g. Detect Changes to System Binaries

-w /bin/ -p wa -k bin_changes
-w /sbin/ -p wa -k sbin_changes
-w /usr/bin/ -p wa -k usr_bin_changes
-w /usr/sbin/ -p wa -k usr_sbin_changes

  • Ensures core binaries aren't tampered with.

h. Track Kernel Module Loading and Unloading

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module -S delete_module -k kernel_mod

  • Detects dynamic kernel-level changes.

l. Monitor File Deletions

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -k delete

  • Tracks when files are removed or renamed.

m. Track Privilege Escalation via setuid/setgid

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setuid -S setgid -k priv_esc

  • Helps detect changes in user or group privileges.

n. Track Usage of Dangerous Binaries (e.g., su, sudo, netcat)

-w /usr/bin/su -p x -k su_usage
-w /usr/bin/sudo -p x -k sudo_usage
-w /bin/nc -p x -k netcat_usage

  • Useful for catching potentially malicious command usage.

o. Monitor Cron Jobs

-w /etc/cron.allow -p wa -k cron_allow
-w /etc/cron.deny -p wa -k cron_deny
-w /etc/cron.d/ -p wa -k cron_d
-w /etc/crontab -p wa -k crontab
-w /var/spool/cron/ -p wa -k user_crontabs

  • Alerts on cron job creation/modification.

p. Track Changes to /etc/hosts and DNS Settings

-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k etc_hosts
-w /etc/resolv.conf -p wa -k resolv_conf

  • Monitors potential redirection or DNS manipulation.

q. Monitor Mounting and Unmounting of Filesystems

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -S umount2 -k mounts

  • Useful for detecting USB or external drive activity.

r. Track Execution of New Programs

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -k exec

  • Captures command execution (can generate a lot of logs).
     

A complete list of rules you can get from the hardening.rules auditd file place it under /etc/audit/rules.d/hardening.rules
and reload auditd to load the configurations.

Tips

  • Use ausearch -k <key> to search audit logs for matching rule.
  • Use auditctl -l to list active rules.
  • Use augenrules –load after editing rules in /etc/audit/rules.d/.


4. Reading Audit Logs

Audit logs events are stored in:

/var/log/audit/audit.log

By default, the location, this can be changed through /etc/auditd/auditd.conf

View recent entries:
 

# tail -f /var/log/audit/audit.log

Search by key:
 

# ausearch -k passwd_monitor

Generate a summary report:

# aureport -f

# aureport


Example: Show all user logins / IPs :

# aureport -au

 

5. Making Audit Rules Persistent

Rules added with auditctl are not persistent and will be lost on reboot. To make them permanent:

Edit the audit rules configuration:

# vim /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules

Add your rules, for example:

-w /etc/passwd -p rwxa -k passwd_monitor

Apply the rules:

# augenrules –load

7. Some use case examples of auditd in auditing Linux servers by sysadmins / security experts
 

Below are real-world, practical examples where auditd is actively used by sysadmins, security teams, or compliance officers to detect suspicious activity, meet compliance requirements, or conduct forensic investigations.

a. Detect Unauthorized Access to /etc/shadow

Use Case: Someone tries to read or modify password hashes.

Audit Rule:

-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k shadow_watch

Real-World Trigger:

sudo cat /etc/shadow

Check Logs:
 

# ausearch -k shadow_watch -i

Real Output:
 

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(09/18/2025 14:02:45.123:1078):

  syscall=openat

  exe="/usr/bin/cat"

  success=yes

  path="/etc/shadow"

  key="shadow_watch"

b. Detect Use of chmod to Make Files Executable

Use Case: Attacker tries to make a script executable (e.g., malware).

Audit Rule:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -k chmod_detect

Real-World Trigger:
 

 # chmod +x /tmp/evil_script.sh

Check Logs:

# ausearch -k chmod_detect -i

c. Monitor Execution of nc (Netcat)

Use Case: Netcat is often used for reverse shells or unauthorized network comms.

Audit Rule:
 

-w /bin/nc -p x -k netcat_usage
 

Real-World Trigger:

nc -lvp 4444

Log Entry:

type=EXECVE msg=audit(09/18/2025 14:35:45.456:1123):

  argc=3 a0="nc" a1="-lvp" a2="4444"

  key="netcat_usage"

 

d. Alert on Kernel Module Insertion
 

Use Case: Attacker loads rootkit or malicious kernel module.

Audit Rule:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module -S delete_module -k kernel_mod

Real-World Trigger:

# insmod myrootkit.ko

Audit Log:
 

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(09/18/2025 15:00:13.100:1155):

  syscall=init_module

  exe="/sbin/insmod"

  key="kernel_mod"

e. Watch for Unexpected sudo Usage

Use Case: Unusual use of sudo might indicate privilege escalation.

Audit Rule:

-w /usr/bin/sudo -p x -k sudo_watch

Real-World Trigger:

sudo whoami

View Log:
 

# ausearch -k sudo_watch -i


f. Monitor Cron Job Modification

Use Case: Attacker schedules persistence via cron.

Audit Rule:

-w /etc/crontab -p wa -k cron_mod

Real-World Trigger:
 

echo "@reboot /tmp/backdoor" >> /etc/crontab

Logs:
 

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(09/18/2025 15:05:45.789:1188):

  syscall=open

  path="/etc/crontab"

  key="cron_mod"

g. Detect File Deletion or Renaming
 

Use Case: Attacker removes logs or evidence.

Audit Rule:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -k file_delete

Real-World Trigger:

# rm -f /var/log/syslog

Logs:
 

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(09/18/2025 15:10:33.987:1210):

  syscall=unlink

  path="/var/log/syslog"

  key="file_delete"


h. Detect Script or Malware Execution
 

Use Case: Capture any executed command.

Audit Rule:
 

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -k exec

Real-World Trigger:

/tmp/myscript.sh

Log View:

# ausearch -k exec -i | grep /tmp/myscript.sh

l. Detect Manual Changes to /etc/hosts

Use Case: DNS hijacking or phishing setup.

Audit Rule:

-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k etc_hosts

Real-World Trigger:
 

# echo "1.2.3.4 google.com" >> /etc/hosts

Logs:

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(09/18/2025 15:20:11.444:1234):

  path="/etc/hosts"

  syscall=open

  key="etc_hosts"


8. Enable Immutable Mode (if necessery)

For enhanced security, you can make audit rules immutable, preventing any changes until reboot:

# auditctl -e 2


To make this setting persistent, add the following to the end of /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules:

-e 2


Common Use Cases

Here are a few more examples of what you can monitor:

Monitor all sudo usage:

# auditctl -w /var/log/auth.log -p wa -k sudo_monitor


Monitor a directory for file access:

# auditctl -w /home/username/important_dir -p rwxa -k dir_watch

Audit execution of a specific command (e.g., rm):

# auditctl -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink,unlinkat -k delete_cmd

(Adjust arch=b64 to arch=b32 if on 32-bit system.)

9. Managing the Audit Log Size

Audit logs can grow large over time. To manage log rotation and size, edit:
 

# vim /etc/audit/auditd.conf

Set log rotation options like:

max_log_file = 8

num_logs = 5

Then restart auditd:
 

# systemctl restart auditd

Conclusion

The Linux Audit Daemon (auditd) is a powerful tool to track system activity, enhance security, and meet compliance requirements. With just a few configuration steps, you can monitor critical files, user actions, and system behavior in real time.

 

References

  • man auditd
  • man auditctl
  • Linux Audit Wiki

 

Father Archimandrite Ivan of Novi Han, Protector of Poor and Homeless passed away to Christ

Tuesday, September 16th, 2025

Father Ivan with his shepherd stick

On September 14, the 80-year-old Archimandrite Joan (John) , known simply as Father Ivan from Novi Khan.
Father Ivan
was well known in Bulgarian society as the only Monk father of the Fatherless. and a great benefactor who dedicated his life to the sick, poor, needy and, the homeless people in Bulgaria.

The Requiem service  will be consecrated on September 16 from 12:00 pm in the church "The Holy Trinity" in Novi Khan (a Church situated in the improvised homeless shelter organized in an old Monastery (Saint Nicholas) by Father Ivan himself. by Bishop John of Branitsky, former Vicar Bishop of Patriarch Daniel.

Father Ivan Dimitrov Ivanov was born on March 31, 1945. in the Bulgarian village of Blagovo, Montana region. He received his basic and secondary education in the High Professional School "Peter Beron" in city of Sofia. Next He attended a university degree from the Theological Academy "St. Clement of Ohrid" (which was re-established in the distant year 1981)  already in grown age after working different other jobs. He merried and with his wife Todorka Grigorova Ivanova had two sons – Ivaylo and Grigor. On October 19, 1981 he was ordained a deacon, and on 26 October same year – ordained for a  priest by Metropolitan Filaret of Vidin. Since 1987 he was appointed as a priest at the Church "Holy Trinity" in the town of Novi Han, region of Elin Pelin. In year 2011 he has been consecrated as monk the name Ioan by the Bishop of Devol Theodosij (Theodosius). In 2015 in Montana he was promoted to archimandrite dignity by Vidin Metropolitan Dometian.

Along with his pastoral work, he devotes all his strength to caring for the poor. His selfless service remains misunderstood by many, and for a long time he does not receive support from the leadership of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. In 2014, His Holiness Patriarch Neophyte of Bulgaria came to visit the “Holy Trinity” shelter in Novi Han. In addition to food and gifts, he also gave a sign of empathy with the great priest’s work.

Otec_Ivan_Novi-Han-s-patriarh-Neofit

Father Ivan began his work in  the distanct 1993, short after the fall of Communism regime in Bulgaria when he restored the abandoned building of the monastery "Holy Trinity" in Novi Han. He revived the liturgical life in the monastery church (that was abondoned for many years due to the dictatorship regime in Bulgaria) and created the shelter "Saint Nicholas", in which he sheltered a dozen homeless people. Gradually, the orphanage expanded and it housed mainly women and children deprived of home and protection, but also found shelter for the elderly and homeless. The priest gave pregnant girls left without any financial support and shelter, the opportunity to give birth to their children and take care of them in the shelter for free. Several generations of children were born and raised under the care of Father Ivan. Today, some of them were the first to express their grief over the death of the father on social networks.

otec_Ivan-with-his-children

Even though his genuine kindness and great good deeds Father Ivan has suffered a lot from people who hate the light of Christ, being a victim of various life hardships, road incidents, and a lot of health issues, which he endevoured with stoicism. He has multiple times has shared when we met that many people being pushed by the devil has done him a lot of badness. 
As a mean to finance the homeless people Father Ivan with the help of his orpans, take care about animals such as chickens, cows, sheeps.
Not on a signle occasion animals belonging to him and his shelter has been stolen.
He fought many battles in his life time but never lost hope neither he fall in spirit always counting on the help of the Almighty, like the ancient saints.
Father Ivans deed for that hard times can be compared to the great deeds of the ancients and for the Bulgarian society his meaning and inspiration was similar
to the old testamental important of Moses who led the people.
His servence of a priest was always given for the good example and people respected him and loved him for his deeds in Bulgaria over the last 40 years.

Otec_Ivan-stuck-with-a-knife

In 2013, the father bought several houses in the Montana village of Yakimovo, where he housed also homeless families and their children (the houses hosting homless families reached about 80+ houses ! which accomodated about 180 people, together with the people in the orphanage in Novi Han they were more than 250+ people).

The last years of his life he spend living in his small living Room (monastic Cell) in the Saint Nicolas Monastery in prayer and last spiritual cares for his many children.

Father Ivan of Novi Han and his son Grigorij

The priest's work is continued by his son (who also took the path of his father) Fr. Grigoriy, who now takes care of the orphanages. Fr. Ivan remains in our recent church history as an example of complete dedication to the service of his neighbors, without seeking reward or gratitude. Something unique and unrepeatable fhat inspired many to be more merciful and benevolent for the poor and needy and by this he incarnated the example of Christ who teached us to always have the poor and needy with us and in our hearts. Generous to the life's misfortunes of his "children", Fr. Ivan set an example of a servant of Christ, whose love "does not seek its own… bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things" (1 Cor. 13:5-7).

I had the blessing to meet father Ivan of Novi Han a couple of times together with Bishop Ierotey Agathopolski (who used to be in the past under the spiritual guidance of Father Ivan). And my personal impressions are that father Ivan was a highly spiritual person and true monk. I had the chance one time in the distant 2011 to meet him in Novi Khan afer a pilgrimage to Holy Mount Athos we have been guests to Father Ivan in the monastery for a night and even had the chance to be and serve as a ipodeacon on a Holy Liturgy led by Father Ivan. I still remember how much he worried about the children God has sent him for care and how much he worried if financially he can make it to give a good life to all the new inhabitants who recently come to his shelter. 

The Children and old homeless people for whom Father Ivan of Novi Han took care

I remember he had to buy some food for the shelter and I wanted to help him to carry the stuff and we were to the SuperMarket together to buy food and goods for the children.
Father Ivan had a great temper and a great sense of humor even though he has been already aging and his spirit was lifted even though the hardships both with suffering heavy form of diabetes and other multitude of physical infirmity.

 
Film Sparks (Movie about the Shleter of Saint Nicolas created by Father Ivan of Novi Han)


Father Ivan and his Children an Interview Movie by Fr Ivan

 


Movie about The Life Story hardships of Father Ivan of Novi Khan and what made him decide to serve the sick, the poor and the lonely

Father Archimandrite Ivan one worthy Bulgarian

In above interview, father Ivan talks about how he decided to become a priest and how he promised God that he will make an orphanage home. He was accused during the communistic times in Bulgaria for being a priest only to serve as a spy for the West. He was kept in Montana Police station interrogated for 7 months in a small dark police carcer (small police room for prisoners), trying and the police tried to brain wash him that he is guilty for things he is not for all the time being asked the same questions again and again with a light lamp infront of his eye sight. He tells in short in the interview, how he managed to restore the Holy Trinity monastery, after a lot of hardships and miracles of God who helped me to do so. On multiple times his orphanage house has been tried to be (closed) and even destroyed by the local people of Novi Han unsuccesful. He has a lot of abusers who tried to run the deeds of his life the oprphanage but God by his great grace and his powers did not allow this to happen! But right on the contrary helped him and the children and provided him everything he needs to fulfill the dead of his life to help the salvation of tens of thousands to find his path to God and multitudes of people to physically survive a life of horror for years. He put a multitude of lost souls for whom noone cared back on the track of life and by his mercifulness he preached the Gospel not only words but in deeds.

Let God forgive him, Have mercy on his Soul and Forgive him if he sinned as a man and Receive him in his heavenly kingdom ! And Let us have his prayers to Christ ! Amen

Christ is Risen Eastern Orthodox Resurrection Paschal Greeting in Different Languages

Friday, April 24th, 2020

Resurrection-of-Christ-holy-orthodox-icon-Voskresenie-Hristovo

Happy Easter to All Orthodox Christians worldwide ! 
We are the the bright week –  this is the week after The Feast of Feasts Resurrection of Christ. This year in 2020, we Orthodox Christians celebrated this feast on 19th, 20th and 21st of April. The celebrations of the Feast of Christians and the Paschal joy continues for the whole week, so I found some time to quickly blog to share the Joy of the Resurrection of the Savior Jesus Christ who has freed all People from the Fear of the Death by Manifestating Death has been overtaken by Life Eternally.
Earlier years, I've blogged shortly on the Christ is risen in many languages. But this time I decided to extend my previous blog by adding some more details on which are the Member Churches consisting the Christ body of Holy Orthodoxy, What is the Creed of Faith (Symbol of Faith) difference Between Orthodox Christians and Roman Catholics and why we're not catholics and do celebrate Easter on a different date from Roman Catholics. Finally I will post the Paschal Greeting translated to as many languages I could find.

In the Eastern Orthodox Christian world which is the True Church of Christ consists of 15 National Churches each traced back to the Holy Apostles of Christ, each of Churches is in eucharistic Communion with the other. 

Canonical Orthodox Christ Churches as of year 2020 are the following:

1. Orthodox Church of Constantinople
2. Orthodox Church of Alexandria
3. Orthodox Church of Antiochia
4. Jerusalem Patriarchal Orthodox Church
5. Bulgarian Orthodox Church
6. Georgian Orthodox Church
7. Serbian Orthodox Church
8. Russian Orthodox Church
9. Romanian Orthodox Church
10. Orthodox Church of Cyprus (archibishopship)
11. Greek Orthodox Church
12. Albanian Orthodox Church
13. Polish Orthodox Church
14. Orthodox Church of Chech Lands and Slovakia
15. American Orthodox Church


Historically Christ Church was one before the Great Schism that was perhaps the greatest tragedy of mankind after Christ's Crucifix it occured in 1054 A.D. About this saddening events, the manuscripts and contemporary saints says with this terrible event, the whole world shaked its basis. The result of the Bulla brought by Pope's messangers in Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Constantinople in the Holy Alter of the Church putting in document of official schism and the Church of the east condeming the Western Church Cuhrch action headed by the pope due to the false Creed of faith inclusion legallized by the pope with the so called 'Filioque' word formula that changed the original agreement of Church fathers decisions on the First Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in 381 A.D. (which by the way puts Anathemas on anyone who dares to change the Creed of Faith as well change by the Popes in the well known ancient Baptism Formulas like oilment (receving the sign of the holy spirit during baptism).

The historical number of Orthodox Churche dioceses were much more numerous but with the time and the hardships this are the only ones that left as official Churches, many dioceses were destroyed by the Muslims Conquests and Roman Catholics orders like the Jesuits whose fight against orthodoxy has been severe in their attempt to make the whole world to turn to the pope, this is very well known by the many remains of Uniates around Europe, especially in nowadays Ukraine. There is a lot of nations like Chechz and Hungarians whose for many centuries confessed orthodoxy but due to the economic relations with the West and the converion of their rulers (princes / Kings) etc. to Roman Catholicism has gradually converted their Eastern Churches to Roman Catholics.

The origional Nicean Creed (Nicea-Constantinople) creed of faith reads as this:

Nicean Creed of Faith ( Agreed on 381 Anno Dommini in Emperor Constantine City of Byzantine Empire Constantinople)

We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.

And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds (æons), Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father;

by whom all things were made;

who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost and of the Virgin Mary, and was made man;

he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried, and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father;

from thence he shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead. ;

whose kingdom shall have no end.

* And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified, who spake by the prophets.

In one Holy Catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.

The Western Church head Bishop the Pope and local priests due to some historical regions of Spain and other parts of Western Europe's aim to fight heresies included the word Latin word Filioque in above translated text (Word which is translated as "And from the Son") in above starred line 'And in te Holy Ghost, The Lord Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father' become 'And in the Holy Ghost, The Lord Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father (Filioque) = and from the Son.' this was acceptable for the Eastern Churches until the moment when this Confession of Faith has been legalized for the Whole Western Church with a decree so called pope 'Bulla' with which it become the official confession of faith for the whole Catholic Church. The Eastern Church of course was following the accepted Canon rules from the first Ecumenical Council in 381 A.D. and rejected to accept the definition of the Pope at first in the Face of Saint Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople (year 810 –  893) and become official in 1054 by the rule of Pope Leo whose legates tried to claim Headship of the Pope over the whole Church and questioned the title of the Constantinople Ecumenical Patriarch Michael I Cerularius.
Along with the chages of the Creed of Faith the West, the years during centuries VII and IX centuries has already put a lot of differences in the East and West Church along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographical lines so the split was a reflection of all this. The Latin Church was much more power hungry and more progressive for its time and authoritarian, trying to combine the Worldly power with the Spiritual one given by the line of Apostoles from Christ Ceasaris-Papism, where the Eastern Church was governed in the ancient model of the Worldly power in face of Eastern Roman empire Emperor and the Patriarch who was a governor of the Spiritual power. The schism was worsened also by the many Latins raids in the Eastern Empire Christian brothers and the sacking of Constantinople in 8-13 April year 1204. Of course both Wester and Eastern Roman Empire had an appetite for a conquest over the other and often this has lead the secular rulers on both sides to try to manipulate activities of the spiritual leaders of both to work for their interests, but the schism would never occur if the spiritual establishment of the Church which are the Holy Canons (decision of the Ecumenical Councils) were not breached by the Western Church.
One of this breaches of the Ancient canons is the Celebration of Eastern Pascha which says the Christian Pascha should never coincide with Jewish Pascha. However in the Western Church this rule was breached and nowadays The Eastern (The Day of the Resurrection of Christ) in the Roman Catholic Church (Western Church) coincides most of the years with Jewish Pascha (both Roman Catholics and the executors of Christ who never accepted him the Jews celebrate together … a sad fact).

Nowadays most of the Ancient Churches of the East together with the Eastern Orthodox Churches, who are confessing the Faith of Christ such as it was handed by the Saint Fathers has a very specific ancient way of confession of faith similar to the Creed of Faith which was a very common short ancient way to confess the faith when two Christians met it is perhaps originating from the times of the Heresies in the 1st century right after the Christ Crucifix, when the pupil of Christ used it to confirm the Glorious and unexplainable Miracle of the Resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ from the Death in Real Body in the 3rd day from the Grave in the Cave where his body was buried.

Resurrection-of-Christ-Anastasis-Greek-orthodox-icon

The Greeting Formula is the well known in the Eastern Orthodox Churches such as in Bulgaria / Greece / Russia / Serbia etc. Christ is Risen.
On every easter Almost everyone in the Orthodox Christian Countires greats everyone else both in homes on the street at work or anywhere relatives friends and even unfamiliar people who has to do business deeds with the immersely joyful greeting.

ХРИСТОС ВОСКРЕСЕ / CHRIST IS RISEN !!!!! !!!

Then the greeted Person answers back

ВОЙСТИНУ ВОСКРЕСЕ / TRULY HE IS RISEN (INDEED HE IS RISEN) !!!!!!!!

In the Orthodox Churches, believers do greet themselves with this heartful joyful greeting for the whole 40 days after the Feast of Resurrection of Christ.

In Russia, Ukrain, Belarus and the surrounding Slavonic lands there is this tradition that the greeting is repeated 3 times as an interaction between person A and person B, for example.

Person A (3 times) greets:
ХРИСТОС ВОСКРЕСЕ = CHRIST IS RISEN !!!
Person B (3 times) answers:
ВОЙСТИНУ ВОСКРЕСЕ = TRULY HE IS RISEN !!!

Resurrection-of-Christ-Velikden-orthodox-holy-icon

Below is a good list with Paschal Resurrection Greeting in multiple languages, for those who has curious polyglot minds who want to learn few words in different languages.

Indo-European languages

Greek: Χριστὸς ἀνέστη! Ἀληθῶς ἀνέστη! (Khristós anésti! Alithós anésti!)

Voskresenie-Gospoda-Nashego-Iisusa-Hrista-Mosaic

Slavic languages

Church Slavonic: Хрїсто́съ воскре́се! Вои́стинꙋ воскре́се! (Xristósŭ voskrése! Voístinu voskrése!

Bulgarian: Христос воскресе! Воистину воскресе! (Khristos voskrese! Voistinu voskrese!), as if in Church Slavonic; Христос възкресе!

Belarusian: Хрыстос уваскрос! Сапраўды ўваскрос! (Chrystos uvaskros! Sapraŭdy ŭvaskros!)

Наистина възкресе! (Khristos vâzkrese! Naistina vâzkrese!) in Modern Bulgarian

In Georgia Christ is risen! Truly is risen would be: " ქრისტე აღსდგა![Qriste Agsdga],—– ჭეშმარიტად! [Cheshmaritad].

Croatian: Krist uskrsnu! Uistinu uskrsnu!

: Kristus vstal z mrtvých! Vpravdě vstal z mrtvých!

Macedonian: Христос воскресе! Навистина воскресе! (Hristos voskrese! Navistina voskrese!), traditional; or Христос воскресна! Навистина воскресна! (Hristos voskresna! Navistina voskresna!)

Polish: Chrystus zmartwychwstał! Prawdziwie zmartwychwstał!

Russian: Христос воскрес(-е)! Воистину воскрес(-е)! (Khristos voskres(-е)! Voistinu voskres(-е)!) (the version with -e is in Church Slavonic, one without it is in modern Russian; both are widely used)

Rusyn: Хрістос воскрес! Воістину воскрес! (Hristos voskres! Voistynu voskres!)

Serbian: Христос васкрсе! Ваистину васкрсе! (Hristos vaskrse! Vaistinu vaskrse!) or Христос воскресе! Ваистину воскресе! (Hristos voskrese! Vaistinu voskrese!)

Slovak: Kristus vstal z mŕtvych! Skutočne vstal (z mŕtvych)! (though the Church Slavonic version is more often used)

Slovene: Kristus je vstal! Zares je vstal!

Ukrainian: Христос воскрес! Воістину воскрес! (Khrystos voskres! Voistynu voskres!)

Tosk Albanian: Krishti u ngjall! Vërtet u ngjall!

Armenian

Western Armenian: Քրիստոս յարեա՜ւ ի մեռելոց: Օրհնեա՜լ է Յարութիւնն Քրիստոսի: (Krisdos haryav i merelotz! Orhnyal e Haroutyunen Krisdosi!)

eastern dialect, Քրիստոս հարյա՜վ ի մեռելոց: Օրհնյա՜լ է Հարությունը Քրիստոսի: (Khristos haryav i merelotz! Orhnyal e Harouthyoune Khristosi!); literally "Christ is risen! Blessed is the resurrection of Christ!")
 

Christus-Resurrexit-Latin-icon-Christ_Resurrection

 

Germanic languages

 

Anglic languages

Scots: Christ has ryssyn! Hech aye, he his ain sel!

English: Christ is risen! He is risen indeed! Or Christ is risen! Truly, he is risen!

Old English: Crist is ārisen! Hē is sōþlīċe ārisen!

Middle English: Crist is arisen! Arisen he sothe!

Danish: Kristus er opstanden! Sandelig Han er Opstanden!

West Frisian: Kristus is opstien! Wis is er opstien!

German: Christus ist auferstanden! Er ist wahrhaft auferstanden! or Der Herr ist auferstanden! Er ist wahrhaftig auferstanden!

Icelandic: Kristur er upprisinn! Hann er sannarlega upprisinn!

Faroese: Kristus er upprisin! Hann er sanniliga upprisin!

Low Franconian languages

Dutch: Christus is opgestaan! Hij is waarlijk opgestaan! (Netherlands) or Christus is verrezen! Hij is waarlijk verrezen! (Belgium)

Afrikaans: Christus het opgestaan! Hy het waarlik opgestaan!

Norwegian

Bokmål: Kristus er oppstanden! Han er sannelig oppstanden!

Nynorsk: Kristus er oppstaden! Han er sanneleg oppstaden!

Swedish: Kristus är uppstånden! Han är sannerligen uppstånden!

Italic languages

Latin: Christus resurrexit! Resurrexit vere!

Romance languages

Aromanian: Hristolu anyie! Di alihea anyie!

Resurrection-of-Christ-Coptic-christian-icon

Catalan: Crist ha ressuscitat! Veritablement ha ressuscitat!

French: Le Christ est ressuscité ! En vérité il est ressuscité! Or Le Christ est ressuscité ! Vraiment il est ressuscité !

Galician: Cristo resucitou! De verdade resucitou!

Italian: Cristo è risorto! È veramente risorto!

Portuguese: Cristo ressuscitou! Em verdade ressuscitou! or Cristo ressuscitou! Ressuscitou verdadeiramente!

Arpitan: Lo Crist es ressuscitat! En veritat es ressuscitat!

Romanian: Hristos a înviat! Adevărat a înviat!

Romansh: Cristo es rinaschieu! In varded, el es rinaschieu!

Sardinian: Cristu est resuscitadu! Aberu est resuscitadu!

Sicilian: Cristu arrivisciutu esti! Pibbiru arrivisciutu esti!

Spanish: ¡Cristo resucitó! ¡En verdad resucitó!

Walloon: Li Crist a raviké! Il a raviké podbon!

Baltic languages

Latvian: Kristus (ir) augšāmcēlies! Patiesi (viņš ir) augšāmcēlies!

Lithuanian: Kristus prisikėlė! Tikrai prisikėlė!
 

Celtic languages

Goidelic languages

Old Irish: Asréracht Críst! Asréracht Hé-som co dearb!

Irish: Tá Críost éirithe! Go deimhin, tá sé éirithe!

Manx: Taw Creest Ereen! Taw Shay Ereen Guhdyne!

Scottish Gaelic: Tha Crìosd air èiridh! Gu dearbh, tha e air èiridh!

 

Brythonic languages

 

Breton:Dassoret eo Krist! E wirionez dassoret eo!

Cornish: Thew Creest dassorez! En weer thewa dassorez!

Welsh: Atgyfododd Crist! Yn wir atgyfododd!

Indo-Iranian languages

Ossetian:Чырысти райгас! Æцæгæй райгас! Or бæлвырд райгас! (Ḱyrysti rajgas! Æcægæj rajgas or bælvyrd rajgas!)

Persian: مسیح برخاسته است! به راستی برخاسته است!‎ (Masih barkhaste ast! Be rasti barkhaste ast!)

Hindi: येसु मसीह ज़िन्दा हो गया है! हाँ यक़ीनन, वोह ज़िन्दा हो गय یسوع مسیح زندہ ہو گیا ہے! ہاں یقیناً، وہ زندہ ہو گیا ہے!‎ (Yesu Masīh zindā ho gayā hai! Hā̃ yaqīnan, voh zindā ho gayā hai!)

Marathi: Yeshu Khrist uthla ahe! Kharokhar uthla ahe!

Abkhazian: Kyrsa Dybzaheit! Itzzabyrgny Dybzaheit!
 

Jesus-Christ-Resurrected-arabic-coptic-icon

Afro-Asiatic languages

 

Semitic languages

 

Standard Arabic: المسيح قام! حقا قام!‎ (al-Masīḥ qām! Ḥaqqan qām!) or المسيح قام! بالحقيقة قام! (al-Masīḥ qām! Bi-l-ḥaqīqati qām!)

Aramaic languages

 

Classical Syriac: ܡܫܝܚܐ ܩܡ! ܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ ܩܡ!‎ (Mshiḥa qām! sharīrāīth qām! or Mshiḥo Qom! Shariroith Qom!)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܫܝܚܐ ܩܡܠܗ! ܒܗܩܘܬܐ ܩܡܠܗ!‎ (Mshikha qimlih! bhāqota qimlih!)

Turoyo: ܡܫܝܚܐ ܩܝܡ! ܫܪܥܪܐܝܬ ܩܝܡ!‎ (Mshiḥo qāyem! Shariroith qāyem!)

 

East African languages

 

Tigrinya: Christos tensiou! Bahake tensiou!

Amharic: Kristos Tenestwal! Bergit Tenestwal!

Hebrew: המשיח קם! באמת קם!‎ (Hameshiach qam! Be'emet qam!)

Maltese: Kristu qam! Huwa qam tassew! or Kristu qam mill-mewt! Huwa qam tassew!

Egyptian

Coptic: (Pi'Christos aftonf! Khen oumetmi aftonf!)

Judeo-Berber: Lmasih yahye-d ger lmeytin! Stidet yahye-d ger lmeytin!


Dravidian languages

Tamil: கிறிஸ்து உயிர்த்தெழுந்தார், மெய்யாகவே அவர் உயிர்த்தெழுந்தார்.

Malayalam: ക്രിസ്തു ഉയിര്ത്തെഴുന്നേറ്റു! തീര്ച്ചയായും ഉയിര്ത്തെഴുന്നേറ്റു! (Christu uyirthezhunnettu! Theerchayayum uyirthezhunnettu!)
 

Eskimo–Aleut languages

Aleut: Kristusaaq Aglagikuk! Angangulakan Aglagikuk!

Pacific Gulf Yupik: Kristusaq ungwektaq! Pichinuq ungwektaq!

Central Yupik: Kristuussaaq unguirtuq! Ilumun unguirtuq!

Mayan languages

Tzotzil: Icha'kuxi Kajvaltik Kristo! Ta melel icha'kuxi!

Tzeltal: Cha'kuxaj Kajwaltik Kristo! Ta melel cha'kuxaj!

Christ-resurrection-Anastasis

 

Austronesian languages

Malayo-Polynesian

Batak: Tuhan nunga hehe! Tutu do ibana hehe!

Carolinian: Lios a melau sefal! Meipung, a mahan sefal!

Cebuano: Nabanhaw Si Kristo! Nabanhaw gayud!

Waray: Hi Kristo nabanwaw! Matuod nga Hiya nabanhaw!

Chamorro: La'la'i i Kristo! Magahet na luma'la' i Kristo!

Fijian: Na Karisito tucake tale! Io sa tucake tale!

Filipino: Nabuhay muli Si Kristo! Nabuhay talaga!

Hawaiian: Ua ala hou ʻo Kristo! Ua ala ʻiʻo nō ʻo Ia!

Indonesian: Kristus telah bangkit! Dia benar-benar telah bangkit!

Kapampangan: Y Kristû sinûbli yáng mèbié! Sinûbli ya pin mèbié!

Malagasy: Nitsangana tamin'ny maty i Kristy! Nitsangana marina tokoa izy!

Cook Islands Māori: Kuo toetu’u ‘ae Eiki! ‘Io kuo toetu’u mo’oni!

 Austroasiatic languages: Mon-Khmer

: Preah Christ mean preah choan rous leong vinh! trung mean preah choan rous leong vinh men!

 Vietnamese

: Chúa Ki-tô đã sống lại! Ngài đã sống lại thật!

 Thai

Thai: พระคริสต์เป็นขึ้นจากความตาย! or พระคริสต์ทรงกลับคืนพระชนม์ชีพ!

Basque

Basque: Cristo Berbiztua! Benetan Berbiztua!

Japanese

Japanese: ハリストス復活!実に復活! (Harisutosu fukkatsu! Jitsu ni fukkatsu!)

 Korean

Korean 그리스도 부활하셨네! 참으로 부활하셨네! (Geuriseudo buhwalhasyeonne! Chameuro buhwalhasyeonne!)

 Na-Dené languages

Athabaskan languages

Navajo: Christ daaztsą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ náádiidzáá! Tʼáá aaníí daaztsą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ náádiidzáá!

Tlingit: Xristos Kuxwoo-digoot! Xegaa-kux Kuxwoo-digoot!

Niger–Congo languages

: Kristo Ajukkide! Kweli Ajukkide!

Swahili: Kristo Amefufuka! Amefufuka kweli kweli!

Gikuyu: Kristo ni muriuku! Ni muriuku nema!

Quechuan languages

Quechua: Cristo causarimpunña! Ciertopuni causarimpunña!

Mongolic languages

Classical Mongolian: Есүс дахин амилсан, Тэр үнэхээр амилсан! (Yesus dahin amilsan, ter uneheer amilsan)

Turkic languages

Turkish: Mesih dirildi! Hakikaten dirildi!

Uyghur: ‫ئەيسا تىرىلدى! ھەقىقەتىنلا تىرىلدى!‬‎ (Əysa tirildi! Ⱨəⱪiⱪətinla tirildi!)

Azerbaijani: Məsih dirildi! Həqiqətən dirildi!

Chuvash: Христос чĕрĕлнĕ! Чăн чĕрĕлнĕ! (Hristos čĕrĕlnĕ! Čyn čĕrĕlnĕ!)

Khakas: Христос тірілді! Сыннаң тірілді! (Hristos tíríldí! Sınnañ tíríldí!)

Uzbek: Масих тирилди! Хақиқатдан тирилди! (Masih tirildi! Haqiqatdan tirildi!)

Sino-Tibetan languages

Chinese: 基督復活了!他確實復活了! (Jīdū fùhuó-le! Tā quèshí fùhuó-le!) or 耶穌復活了,真的他復活了! (Yēsū fùhuó-le, Zhēnde tā fùhuó-le!)

Uralic languages

Estonian: Kristus on üles tõusnud! Tõesti on üles tõusnud!

Finnish: Kristus nousi kuolleista! Totisesti nousi!

Hungarian: Krisztus feltámadt! Valóban feltámadt!

Karelian: Hristos nouzi kuollielois! Tovessah nouzi!

Glorious-Resurrection-of-Jesus-Christ-icon

Constructed languages

International auxiliary languages

Esperanto: Kristo leviĝis! Vere Li leviĝis!

Ido: Kristo riviveskabas! Ya Il rivivesakabas!

Interlingua: Christo ha resurgite! Vermente ille ha resurgite! or Christo ha resurrecte! Vermente ille ha resurrecte!

Quenya: (Hristo Ortane! Anwave Ortanes!)

Klingon: Hu'ta' QISt! Hu'bejta'!

 

How to Copy / Backup Windows USB drive from one USB to a second

Friday, October 18th, 2024

Did you know that when you copy all the files from a USB Drive you don’t copy all the data?

Did you know that there may be files that are not even visible?

In this tutorial you will discover how to copy all of your USB Drive sector by sector, that is to say, that you will see how to create a copy identical to your USB drive without missing anything!

This can be useful if you have formatted your USB stick in error and want to use it, you can create an image for the USB Drive on your computer and then you can recover the formatted data in the image afterward!

The software used in this tutorial is called ImageUSB, it is free, portable, and easy to use.

Don’t use this method if you want only to copy some files, use this to clone/backup your USB Drive with all its master boot record, partition tables, and data.

Let’s go!

Clone Your USB Drive with ImageUSB on Windows 10

Start by downloading and extracting ImageUSB from this official URL: https://www.osforensics.com/tools/write-usb-images.html

Double-click on imageUSB.exe.

Select your USB Drive from the list, select “Create image from USB drive“. Choose the location for the binary image file (.bin) that will be created from the USB drive.

Click on “Create“.Click “Yes” to confirm your choices.

imageusb clone usb flash drive backup restore 3 create image

Click “Yes” to overwrite the bin file in case it’s already there.

Wait for a couple of minutes…

After the image is created you should see this message. Click “OK“.

Now if you want to restore an image to your USB Drive, just select your USB Drive and choose “Write image to USB drive“. Choose your bin image and click on “Write“.

imageusb clone usb flash drive backup restore 7 write

This program is not recommended on different sizes USB Drives…
Use it mostly for backup/restore on the same USB Drive for your bootable software.

There you have it, the copy of USB to second USB completed !

Enjoy ! 

 

 

Recover lost / forgotten root password for CentOS 7 Linux / Boot CentOS 6 into Single User mode to reset admin pass

Friday, September 27th, 2024

centos-community-enterprise-operating-system-logo.

If you have some old CentOS 7 Virtual machine hanging for a long time and you don't remember the root password or you don't remember where you have stored it, but you have something important as data left over, you might need to recover root password for your CentOS 7 Virtual Machine.

I recently had to resolve that issue and here is the few easy steps to take to recover the lost root password.

Assuming you have tried to boot the VM and the VM boots fine and your few attempts to input manually some default passwords of yours failed, next 

1. Reboot the Virtual Machine to the GRUB boot menu

 

grub.png

The GRUB boot screen should appear and be there for few secs

2. Edit the boot loader kernel options ( add add rd.break enforcing=0 )

 

How to reset root password on CentOS Linux - Clouvider

Press 'e' to Edit the boot loader and modify the boot commands options passed to the linux kernel.

In GRUB edit mode:

add rd.break enforcing=0


to the end of the line starting with linux at the end of passed parameters list as shown in the picture.

When done editing, press Ctrl-x (Control button x key simultaneously) to boot with changed parameters.

ALTERNATIVE WAY TO BOOT THE SYSTEM INTO ROOT WITHOUT PASSWORD PROMPT:

Alternative options to use instead of add rd.break.enforcing=0 are to substitute the rhgb quiet kernel option with init=/bin/bash

Edit CentOS Grub Boot Menu Entries rhgb quiet options shot

Modify kernel parameters pass init=/bin/bash to kernel to boot emergency mode centos linux

 

As you might wonder for the meaning of the passed 2 parameters:

rd.break breaks the boot process at initramfs while
enforcing=0 disables the SELinux (which often enabled by default on CentOS).

Another way is to 

3. Boot in CentOS emergency mode and Reset the root password
 

When done editing, press Ctrl-x to boot with changed parameters.

As you might wonder for the meaning of the passed parameters:

rd.break breaks the boot process at initramfs while
enforcing=0 disables the SELinux (which often enabled by default on CentOS).

Whence system boots up with the modified kernel options cmd, the switch_root prompt will appear.
As the emerency mode boots the filesystem into read-only mode under /sysroot default directory, in order to be able to
modify the MD5 root password stored hash inside RO mounted /sysroot/etc/shadow you need to remount the Filesystme
in read-write mode.

To Remount the read-only file system /sysroot in write mode:

# mount -o remount,rw /sysroot

As the /sysroot is not the root directory to be able to use a standard passwd command you need to make /sysroot
as the default root folder for the booted linux by chrooting into it.
 

  • Generate MD5 password manually (for Hardcore masochistic admins 🙂 )

If you're a hard core linux sysadmin of course, generate your own new md5 password and directly modify /etc/shadow copy pasting the md5 string.

If you want to manually generate the md5 string, you can do it depending on the required encryption algorithm with:

For (md5, sha256, sha512) encrypted pass

# openssl passwd -6 -salt xyz  yourpass

For   (md5, sha256, sha512) encrypted pwd

# mkpasswd –method=SHA-512 –stdin

For (des, md5, sha256, sha512) encrypted pw

# perl -e 'print crypt("YourPasswd", "salt", "sha512"),"\n"'


Once the string is generated;

# vim  /etc/shadow


and exchange the old with new string for MD5

  • Change password with chroot (the easy common way)

remount read write the filesystem in emergency single user mode CentOS LINUX

# chroot /sysroot

That should drop you into another shell bash-4.x

 

Reset root user password in CentOS 7

# passwd
Changing password for user root.
New password:
Retype new password:

We need have to sync the entire filesystem we have to use the sync command, for novice sys admins who never heard about this command, below
short description:

The Linux sync command synchronizes cached data to permanent storage.
This data includes modified superblocks, modified inodes, delayed reads and writes, and others. sync uses several system calls:

sync()
syncfs()
fsync()
fdatasync()


For example, the sync command utilizes the sync() system call to write all buffered modifications to file data and metadata to an underlying storage device.

As a Linux systems administrator or developer, understanding the sync command can be crucial for efficient file synchronization. Additionally, sync can be helpful after crashes or when the file system becomes corrupted.

In this tutorial, we’ll explore the various aspects of the sync command. Also, we’ll see how we can use sync in different scenarios.

# sync

# exec /sbin/init

Try out the root password after booting normally into CentOS and the new set administrator pass should work.


Resetting forgotten (lost) root password on CentOS 6

The process is absolutely the same except on the Step 1 (in the modification of GRUB boot menu by pressing e key), add to

rhgb quiet

at the end one 'S'

This S character means 'boot CentOS into Single user mode'

rhgb quiet S

 

Go to single user mode on CentOS 6 Linux in boot loader S kernel setting

Then, press ENTER key and press b key to boot CentOS 6 into to single user mode.
 

A Biography of one big Heart + His Holiness Patriarch Neophyte (Neofit) head of Bulgarian Orthodox Church

Friday, March 22nd, 2024


His-Holiness-Patriarch-Neofitos-with-Dikiri-and-Thrikiri-blessing-the-people

Patriarch Neophyte (Simeon Nikolov Dimitrov) was born on October 15, 1945 in Sofia from a highly pious family. His father was a simple railway man and his mother a maid (cleaner). His Mother was a famous in the Church as a good christian who was singing on the Church choire in some churches and had a great perseverance and love for the Christian faith, she was the one to push further his two boys Simeon and Dimitar to take the spiritual path within the Orthodox Church. One of them the older brother Dimitar Nikolov Dimitrov to later become A Proto-Psalt and Director and Head of Sofia's Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral Church choire for many years (the most prestigious place for people who graduated Church music) and the other to become our 7th Patriarch in order from the times of Physical Liberation of Bulgaria From Turkish Slavery and Spiritual liberation from the dictatorship of the Greek Orthodox Church with the restoration of the Bulgarian Church with the Bulgarian Exarchate.

 At the age of twenty in 1965, he graduated from the Sofia Theological Seminary "St. Ioan Rilski / Saint John of Rila"  (then the seminary moved due to communist party decision) at the Cherepish station nearby the Cherepish monastery, Vrachansko. He served two years of military mandatory service, and in 1971 he graduated from the Theological Academy "St. Kliment Ohridski".

After his specialization at the Moscow Theological Academy in Russia, where he received the title of "Candidate of Theology (COT)" in Church Music (COT equal to our Bulgarian "Phd / doctor") , in 1973 he was appointed a teacher of Choral Church Singing and became the conductor of the student choir at the Theological Academy.

Archimandrite-Gelasij-of-new-York-later-picture-as-metropolitan-of-New-York-America

He began his monastic journey under the Spiritual eldership of Archimandrite Gelasius then abbot of the Troyan Monastery.

His monastic ordination in monkship was performed on August 3, 1975 by the previous Bulgarian Patriarch Maxim on the feast of Assumption of the Virgin Mary, August 15, 1975 , he was ordained to the rank of hierodeacon immediately, on March 25, 1976, Annunciation, he was raised in the Church hierarchy to hieromonk, and on November 21, 1977 ., Presentation of the Theotokos (The Entry of Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple), was raised to the Archimandrite dignity.

He then was assigned the obedience to be Protosyncellus (Protosingel) of the Sofia Metropolia in years 1981 to 1985.

His-All-Holiness-Patriarch-Neophytos-picture-as-young-Bishop-Levkijski-of-Bulgarian-Orthodox-Church

On December 18, 1985, he was ordained as the Bishop of Lefkias (Levkijski) a title earlier held by the all famous Levkijski Bishop Partenius (Partenij)  in the Patriarchal Cathedral "Saint Alexander Nevsky" and was appointed as vicar  bishop of the Metropolia of Sofia.

In 1989, he became rector of Sofia Theological Academy part of (Sofia University at that time), and in July 1991, when the Theological Academy returned to be the pre-revolutinary Faculty of Theology of the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", was elected the first dean of the restored Faculty of Theology.

His-Holiness-Neophytos-picture-as-Metropolitan-of-Ruse

Since January 27, 1992, he has been the chief Secretary of Holy Synod (A prestioug position) until March 27, 1994, when Bishop  Neophyte was elected Metropolitan of Dorostolo-Cherven.eparchy (which is now separated in two separate aparchies (The Eparchy of Ruse and Eparchy of Dorostol – the ancient Roman area Dorostorum)  

By decision of the Fifth Church-People's Council in 2001, with the consent and approval of the Holy Synod Assembly of metropolitans, the diocese was divided into two (the Dorostol diocese was separated with the city of Silistra -the Ancient Istrum (Histria ancient city) and he began to be titled Metropolitan of Ruse.
In the function of metropolitan he has won the respect of both church and authorities.and he was given the respectful medal "Respected citizen of Ruse".

In 2008 metropolitan Neophyte received the very prestigious academic title "doctor honoris causa" of the Sofia University "Saint Kliment Ohridski". More about it here.

His-All-Holiness-Patriarch-Neophytos-Patriarch-of-Bulgaria-and-Metropolitan-of-Sofia

On 22 June 2010 he was given a medal "St. St. Cyril and Methodius" as a respectful act for his big contribution to development of Bulgarian Music and Culture.

On February 24, 2013, a Patriarchal Electoral Church Council was convened in Sofia and the people and all people were mostly troubled on who will be the next Patriarch in this muddy times.

Soon after his arise to patriarchical throne in 2013 he was given another medal he received "Glory and Honour" in 2013 by Russian Orthodox Church.
Every Church member of that time was troubled about the future of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, and everyone felt a big relief as The Synodal Elders elected Metropolitan Neophyte of Ruse to become the 7th Patriarch of Bulgaria after the restoration of the BPC-BP Bulgarian Church (Bulgarian Patriarchate) after so many years of being under the yoke of Byzantine Church and after liberation of Bulgaria, due to politics delicions and the harsh and anti-bulgarian activities of the Greeks in attempt to own the Church the church suffered its schism and returned its full communion to the family of national members of Holy Eastern Orthodox Church.
After his election His Holiness Patriarch Neofit is titled  Metropolitan of Sofia.and Patriarch of Bulgaria.

Patriarch-Neophyte_signature-podpis

His-Holiness-Patriarch-Neophytos-head-of-Bulgarian-Orthodox-Church

Patriarch Neophyte has the fame of being one of the best church singers in Bulgaria and one of the best and most famous Church Hymns has been circulating throughout the public space the Internet / TV and Radio for the last 10+ years as they are invaluable due to the unique voice qualities of the Patriarch. I guess there is no person in Bulgaria and outside of it who did not heard his Paschal (Katavasia and Stychorions) Hymns.

Resurrection of Christ Katavasios and Stychorion Playlist with Patriarch Neophytos (Sung) Famous Eastern Orthodox Hymns Patriarch Neofit passed away on 13 of March 2024 after a months of sickness after being hospitalized on 29 November 2023 in VMA (Army Medical Academy) due to pulmonary disease (later to understand it is a cancer in its latests stages). In his last days in hospital, the Holy Synod summoned all the Churches and people to pray fervently for the quick recovery of the patriarch through a miracle.
Patriarch Neofit passed away silently his clean holy Soul to Christ on 13 of March 2024
His brother Proto-Psalt (associated professor) Dimitar also passed on on 11 January 2024.

Protopsalt-Dimitar-associated-professor-in-Music-Director-of-st-Alexander-Nevsky-Choire
Patriarch Neophytos and his brothre Proto-Psalt Dimitar

Protopsalt Dimitar Dimitrov a brother of the Patriarch passed just 2 days after a famous Metropolitan of Joanichius has passed away to Christ on 9 January 2024 in 82 years of old.

His-Holiness-Mitropolit-Ioanikij-JoanichiusSlivenski
His Holiness Metropolitan Joanichius


Patriarch Neofit and Metropolitan Joanichius

The personality of Patriarch Neophytos was non-conflict, a lover of peace and compromises, anti-war (i would say pacifist in modern terms) and was among the few patriarchs not being in fear or influenced by the overall Church politics of the Russian Church and he publicly condemned the war as a great evil in his Theophany preach.

"The Lord God and the Holy Church bless only that army that does not show aggression, and whose sole purpose is to protect and defend its people and country within its internationally recognized territorial borders," said the patriarch for the feast of Epiphany water sanctification and sprinkling of battle flags.

The patriarch position was to try to reconcile the clergy and try to heal the misunderstandings and human conflicts between his God given flock of Priest, Monks, Bishops and Clergy with true fatherhood love, prayer and a lot of patience that we the people of 21 century miss so badly.
With a lot of sadness we send our beloved Patriarch Neophytos (Neofit) of Bulgaria to the All Mighty God and Pray if he has received a Grace from God to Pray fervently and Always for us his poor pupils and childs!

his-Holiness-Patriarh-Neofit-treti-mart-pic

God Have Mercy on the Soul of Patriarch Neophytos ! Blessed and Eternal to be his Memory ! Amen !